Intersection of 2 lists

thursday 發布于2019-08-14 17:10 / 2914人閱讀

摘要：得到個鏈條的長度。將長的鏈條向前移動差值兩個指針一起前進，遇到相同的即是交點，如果沒找到，返回空間復雜度，時間復雜度

Intersection of Two Linked Lists
Write a program to find the node at which the intersection of two singly linked lists begins.

For example, the following two linked lists:

A: a1 → a2

              ↘
                c1 → c2 → c3
               ↗

B: b1 → b2 → b3

begin to intersect at node c1.

Notes:

If the two linked lists have no intersection at all, return null.
The linked lists must retain their original structure after the function returns.
You may assume there are no cycles anywhere in the entire linked structure.
Your code should preferably run in O(n) time and use only O(1) memory.
Credits:
Special thanks to @stellari for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

SOLUTION 1:

得到2個鏈條的長度。

將長的鏈條向前移動差值（len1 - len2）

兩個指針一起前進，遇到相同的即是交點，如果沒找到，返回null.

空間復雜度O(1)，時間復雜度O(m+n)

public ListNode getIntersectionNode1(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        if (headA == null || headB == null) {
            return null;
        }
        
        int lenA = getLen(headA);
        int lenB = getLen(headB);
        
        if (lenA > lenB) {
            while (lenA > lenB) {
                headA = headA.next;
                lenA--;
            }
        } else {
            while (lenA < lenB) {
                headB = headB.next;
                lenB--;
            }
        }
        
        while (headA != null) {
            if (headA == headB) {
                return headA;
            }
            headA = headA.next;
            headB = headB.next;
        }
        
        return null;
    }
    
    public int getLen(ListNode node) {
        int len = 0;
        while (node != null) {
            len++;
            node = node.next;
        }
        return len;
    }

SOLUTION 2:
Two pointer solution (O(n+m) running time, O(1) memory):
Maintain two pointers pA and pB initialized at the head of A and B, respectively. Then let them both traverse through the lists, one node at a time.
When pA reaches the end of a list, then redirect it to the head of B (yes, B, that"s right.); similarly when pB reaches the end of a list, redirect it the head of A. The first iteration counteract the difference of len thus the meeting points of second iteration would be the intersection point. Return null if two lists are parallel.

public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        if (headA == null || headB == null) {
            return null;
        }
        
        ListNode pA = headA;
        ListNode pB = headB;
        
        ListNode tailA = null;
        ListNode tailB = null;
        
        while (true) {
            if (pA == null) {
                pA = headB;
            }
            
            if (pB == null) {
                pB = headA;
            }
            
            if (pA.next == null) {
                tailA = pA;
            }
            
            if (pB.next == null) {
                tailB = pB;
            }
            
            //The two links have different tails. So just return null;
            if (tailA != null && tailB != null && tailA != tailB) {
                return null;
            }
            
            if (pA == pB) {
                return pA;
            }
            
            pA = pA.next;
            pB = pB.next;
        }
    }

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