摘要：例如會刪除當前數組位置的項，然后再從位置開始插入字符串。對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，返回該函數會返回的項組成的數組。則從數組的最后一項開始，向前遍歷到第一項。

1、隊尾插入push

   var colors = ["red","green"];
   colors.push("black"):
   console.log(colors); //["red","green","black"]

2、隊尾刪除并返回刪除的最后一項pop

   var colors = ["red","green","black"];
   var item = colors.pop();
   console.log(item); //"black"

3、隊首插入unshift()

   var colors = ["red","green"];
   colors.unshift("black");
   var item = colors.pop();
   console.log(item); //"black"

4、隊首刪除shift()

   var colors = ["red","green","black"];
   colors.shift();
   console.log(colors); //["green","black"]

5、數組一添加數組二concat()

   var colors = ["red","green","black"];
   var colors2 = colors.concat("yellow",["blue","brown"]);
   console.log(colors); //["red","green","black"]
   console.log(colors2); //["red","green","black","yellow","blue","brown"]

6、數組的截取slice()
只傳一個參數：從數組這個參數的下標開始截取一直到數組結束。

   var colors = ["red","green","black"];
   colors.slice(1); //["green","black"]
   console.log(colors); //["red","green","black"]

傳兩個參數：第一個是截取開始的位置，第二個是截取結束的位置

   var colors = ["red","green","black","yellow","blue","brown"];
   colors.slice(1,3)//從位置1開始，到位置2結束["green","black"];

7、數組的splice()方法

   有三種用法：

刪除：可以刪除任意數量的項，只需指定兩個參數：第一個參數為刪除開始的位置，第二個參數為刪除項數。

插入：可以向指定位置插入任意數量的項，只需提供3個參數：起始位置、0（要刪除的項數）和要插入的項。例如：splice（2,0,"red","green")，會從當前數組的位置2開始插入字符串"red"和"green"。

替換: 可以向指定位置插入任意數量的項，且同事刪除任意數量的項，只需提供3個參數：起始位置、要刪除的項數和要插入的任意數量的項。插入的項數不必與刪除項數相等。例如：splice (2,1,"red","green") 會刪除當前數組位置2的項，然后再從位置2開始插入字符串。

   var colors = ["red","green","black"];
   var removed = colors.splice(0,1);
   console.log(colors); //["green","black"]
   console.log(removed); //["red"]
    
   removed = colors.splice(1,0,"yellow","orange");
   console.log(colors); //["green","yellow","orange","black"]
   console.log(removed); //[]

   removed = colors.splice(1,1,"red","purple");
   console.log(colors); //["green","red","purple","orange","black"]
   console.log(removed); //["yellow"]

8、位置方法indexOf()和lastIndexOf()

indexOf()和lastIndexOf()都接收兩個參數，第一個參數是要查找的項，第二個（可選）查找開始的位置，indexOf()是從數組頭開始查，lastIndexOf()是從數組尾開始查找。

   var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];

   console.log(numbers.indexOf(4)); //3
   console.log(numbers.lastIndexOf(4)); //5
   
   console.log(numbers.indexOf(4,4)); //5
   
   var person = {name: "vivi"};
   var people = [{name: "vivi"}];
   
   var morePeople = [person];
   console.log(people.indexOf(person)); //-1
   console.log(morePeople.indexOf(person)); //0

9、查找find()方法
查找符合條件的第一項

   var inventory = [
    {name: "apples", quantity: 2},
    {name: "bananas", quantity: 0},
    {name: "cherries", quantity: 5}
   ];
   const inventorItem = inventory.find((item) => item.name === "apples");
   console.log(inventorItem); //{name: "apples", quantity: 2}

10、迭代方法
傳入這些方法中的函數會接收三個參數：數組項的值、該項在數組中的位置和數組對象本身。

every(): 對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，如果該函數對每一項都返回true，則返回true。

filter(): 對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，返回該函數會返回true的項組成的數組。

forEach(): 對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，這個方法沒有返回值。

map(): 對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，返回每次函數調用的結果組成的數組。

some(): 對數組中的每一項運行給定函數，如果該函數對任一項返回true，則返回true。

   var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
   var everyResult = numbers.every((item, index, array) => {
        return item > 2;
   });
   console.log(everyResult); //false
   
   var someResult = numbers.some((item, index, array) => {
       return  item > 2;
   });
   console.log(someResult); //true

  var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
  var filterResult = numbers.filter((item, index, array) => {
    return item > 2;
  });
  console.log(filterResult); //[3,4,5,4,3]

   var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
   var mapResult = numbers.map((item, index, array) => {
    return item * 2;
  });
  console.log(mapResult); //[2,4,6,8,10,8,6,4,2]

   var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
   numbers.forEach((item, index, array) => {
       //執行某些操作
   });

11、歸并方法reduce()和reduceRight()

這兩個方法都會迭代數組的所有項，然后構建一個最終返回的值。
reduce（）方法從數組的第一項開始，逐個遍歷到最后。                                  
reduceRight（）則從數組的最后一項開始，向前遍歷到第一項。

   var values = [1,2,3,4,5];
   var sum = values.reduce((prev, cur, index, array) => {
       return prev + cur;
   });
   console.log(sum); //15

   var values = [1,2,3,4,5];
   var sum = values.reduceRight((prev, cur, index, array) => 
   {
       return prev + cur;
   });
   console.log(sum); //15