摘要：源碼實現如下表示是否有異常如果是使用了偏向鎖，要撤銷偏向鎖在中可以看到方法的實現。

wait源碼實現如下

//TRAPS表示是否有異常
void ObjectSynchronizer::wait(Handle obj, jlong millis, TRAPS) {
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    //如果是使用了偏向鎖，要撤銷偏向鎖
    BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(obj, false, THREAD);
    assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "biases should be revoked by now");
  }
 ...

在biasedLocking.cpp中可以看到方法的實現。整體結構劃分如下

BiasedLocking::Condition BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(Handle obj, bool attempt_rebias, TRAPS) {
//1：必須在安全點
assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must not be called while at safepoint");
//2：讀取對象頭
markOop mark = obj->mark();
if (mark->is_biased_anonymously() && !attempt_rebias) {
//3:沒有線程獲取了偏向鎖
} else if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
//4:已經偏向了
}
//5:沒有執行偏向，通過啟發式的方式決定到底是執行撤銷還是執行rebias
HeuristicsResult heuristics = update_heuristics(obj(), attempt_rebias);
if (heuristics == HR_NOT_BIASED) {
//5.1:偏向狀態改成了不需要偏向
} else if (heuristics == HR_SINGLE_REVOKE) {
//5.2:啟發式決定執行單次的撤銷
}
//6：等到虛擬機運行到safepoint,實際就是執行  VM_BulkRevokeBias 的doit的 bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint方法
VM_BulkRevokeBias bulk_revoke(&obj, (JavaThread*) THREAD,
                              (heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS),
                              attempt_rebias);
VMThread::execute(&bulk_revoke);
return bulk_revoke.status_code();
}

這里表示還沒有被偏向，并且不是執行rebias

// We are probably trying to revoke the bias of this object due to
// an identity hash code computation. Try to revoke the bias
// without a safepoint. This is possible if we can successfully
// compare-and-exchange an unbiased header into the mark word of
// the object, meaning that no other thread has raced to acquire
// the bias of the object.
markOop biased_value       = mark;
//prootype本身構建的是 markOop( no_hash_in_place | no_lock_in_place );
markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
//執行CAS,如果當前對象的mark沒有變更，就換成 unbiased_prototype
markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
if (res_mark == biased_value) {
  //如果之前的和現在的一樣，說明撤銷成功，BIAS_REVOKED本身是一個枚舉  
return BIAS_REVOKED;
}

//已經被線程偏向了，獲取Klass對象，即類本身的頭，obj則是它的實例 
Klass* k = Klass::cast(obj->klass());
 markOop prototype_header = k->prototype_header();
 if (!prototype_header->has_bias_pattern()) {
    //對象當前的偏向狀態已經過期,并且是不可偏向的，直接設置成已經撤銷偏向即可  
 // This object has a stale bias from before the bulk revocation   
// for this data type occurred. It"s pointless to update the 
  // heuristics at this point so simply update the header with a   
// CAS. If we fail this race, the object"s bias has been revoked   
// by another thread so we simply return and let the caller deal   
// with it.   
  markOop biased_value       = mark;
   markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(prototype_header, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
   assert(!(*(obj->mark_addr()))->has_bias_pattern(), "even if we raced, should still be revoked");
   return BIAS_REVOKED;
 } else if (prototype_header->bias_epoch() != mark->bias_epoch()) {
   //實例的epoch和類本身的epoch值不一樣，說明它已經過期，也就是說這個對象當前處于未偏向但是可偏向的狀態(rebiasable)   
// The epoch of this biasing has expired indicating that the  
 // object is effectively unbiased. Depending on whether we need   
// to rebias or revoke the bias of this object we can do it   
// efficiently enough with a CAS that we shouldn"t update the   
// heuristics. This is normally done in the assembly code but we  
 // can reach this point due to various points in the runtime   
// needing to revoke biases.  
if (attempt_rebias) {
    //執行rebias     wait希望直接撤銷
        assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "");
     markOop biased_value       = mark;
     markOop rebiased_prototype = markOopDesc::encode((JavaThread*) THREAD, mark->age(), prototype_header->bias_epoch());
     markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(rebiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
     if (res_mark == biased_value) {
     //當前線程搶到了這個對象的偏向       
        return BIAS_REVOKED_AND_REBIASED;
     }
   } else {
     markOop biased_value       = mark;
     markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
    //CAS撤銷偏向鎖
     markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
     if (res_mark == biased_value) {
       //撤銷了偏向       
    return BIAS_REVOKED;
     }
   }
 }

//啟發式的方式決定要做那種操作static HeuristicsResult update_heuristics(oop o, bool allow_rebias) {
  markOop mark = o->mark();
  if (!mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
    //不可偏向直接返回    return HR_NOT_BIASED;
  }
  //控制撤銷的次數  

// Heuristics to attempt to throttle the number of revocations. 
 // Stages:  // 1. Revoke the biases of all objects in the heap of this type, 
 //    but allow rebiasing of those objects if unlocked.  
// 2. Revoke the biases of all objects in the heap of this type 
 //    and don"t allow rebiasing of these objects. Disable 
 //    allocation of objects of that type with the bias bit set.  Klass* k = o->blueprint();
  jlong cur_time = os::javaTimeMillis();
  //獲取上次執行bulk revication的時間  jlong last_bulk_revocation_time = k->last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time();
  //獲取執行bulk revocation的次數  int revocation_count = k->biased_lock_revocation_count();
  //定義在globs.hpp,BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold取值為20；BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold取值為40,BiasedLockingDecayTime為25000毫秒  
if ((revocation_count >= BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold) &&
      (revocation_count <  BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) &&
      (last_bulk_revocation_time != 0) &&
      (cur_time - last_bulk_revocation_time >= BiasedLockingDecayTime)) {
    // This is the first revocation we"ve seen in a while of an  
  // object of this type since the last time we performed a bulk   
 // rebiasing operation. The application is allocating objects in    
// bulk which are biased toward a thread and then handing them    
// off to another thread. We can cope with this allocation  
  // pattern via the bulk rebiasing mechanism so we reset the  
  // klass"s revocation count rather than allow it to increase    
// monotonically. If we see the need to perform another bulk   
 // rebias operation later, we will, and if subsequently we see    
// many more revocation operations in a short period of time we   
 // will completely disable biasing for this type.   
 //在執行了一定時間之內，執行的撤銷次數沒有超過閾值，那么認為可以優先執行bulk rebias,因此將計數回歸原始值    
    k->set_biased_lock_revocation_count(0);
    revocation_count = 0;
  }

  // Make revocation count saturate just beyond BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold 
if (revocation_count <= BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) {
    //計算執行撤銷的次數    

revocation_count = k->atomic_incr_biased_lock_revocation_count();
  }

  if (revocation_count == BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) {
    //達到執行bulk revoke的閾值，執行bulk revoke    return HR_BULK_REVOKE;
  }

  if (revocation_count == BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold) {
    //達到 bulk rebias的閾值，執行bulk rebias   
return HR_BULK_REBIAS;
  }
  //默認執行單次的撤銷  
return HR_SINGLE_REVOKE;
}

bulk revoke的關鍵在于它會遍歷所有線程棧的每一幀

static BiasedLocking::Condition bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint(oop o,
                                                                   bool bulk_rebias,
                                                                   bool attempt_rebias_of_object,
                                                                   JavaThread* requesting_thread) {
…
if (bulk_rebias) {
     ...
  // Now walk all threads" stacks and adjust epochs of any biased  
// and locked objects of this data type we encounter 
//遍歷所有的線程
for (JavaThread* thr = Threads::first(); thr != NULL; thr = thr->next()) {
  //遍歷線程棧的每一幀，獲取所有的監視器
    GrowableArray* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(thr);
    for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
      MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
      oop owner = mon_info->owner();
      markOop mark = owner->mark();
      if ((owner->klass() == k_o) && mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
        // We might have encountered this object already in the case of recursive locking        
        assert(mark->bias_epoch() == prev_epoch || mark->bias_epoch() == cur_epoch, "error in bias epoch adjustment");
        //更新所有棧中的有偏向鎖的epoch        
        owner->set_mark(mark->set_bias_epoch(cur_epoch));
      }
    }
  }
...
// At this point we"re done. All we have to do is potentially// adjust the header of the given object to revoke its bias.
revoke_bias(o, attempt_rebias_of_object && klass->prototype_header()->has_bias_pattern(), true, requesting_thread);
}
…
if (attempt_rebias_of_object &&
    o->mark()->has_bias_pattern() &&
    klass->prototype_header()->has_bias_pattern()) {
 //bias_epoch本身則是表示獲取了偏向鎖
  markOop new_mark = markOopDesc::encode(requesting_thread, o->mark()->age(),
                                         klass->prototype_header()->bias_epoch());
  o->set_mark(new_mark);
//執行rebiase
  status_code = BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED_AND_REBIASED;
 ...
}
}

revoke_bias的執行如下

static BiasedLocking::Condition revoke_bias(oop obj, bool allow_rebias, bool is_bulk, JavaThread* requesting_thread) {
markOop mark = obj->mark();
…
//偏向鎖的頭
markOop   biased_prototype = markOopDesc::biased_locking_prototype()->set_age(age);
//非偏向鎖的頭
markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(age);
…
//獲取偏向的線程
JavaThread* biased_thread = mark->biased_locker();
if (biased_thread == NULL) {
  // Object is anonymously biased. We can get here if, for 
 // example, we revoke the bias due to an identity hash code  
// being computed for an object.
  if (!allow_rebias) {
  //沒有線程獲取，又需要執行rebias，改掉對象頭即可
    obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
  }
 ...
  //撤銷完畢  
  return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}
…
//線程活著
//遍歷棧幀，獲取所有這個線程的監視器,按照最年輕到最老的順序 
GrowableArray* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(biased_thread);
 BasicLock* highest_lock = NULL;
 for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
   MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
   if (mon_info->owner() == obj) {
   ...
     // Assume recursive case and fix up highest lock later    
 //當前棧幀存在了這個對象的鎖     
    markOop mark = markOopDesc::encode((BasicLock*) NULL);
     highest_lock = mon_info->lock();
     //更新棧中的mark為NULL     
    highest_lock->set_displaced_header(mark);
   }
...
   }
 }
 if (highest_lock != NULL) {
   // Fix up highest lock to contain displaced header and point   
// object at it   
//將最久的那個lock更新為沒有偏向  ,棧中  設置了鎖記錄 
highest_lock->set_displaced_header(unbiased_prototype);
   // Reset object header to point to displaced mark   
//將對象頭指向棧中的位置，這樣表示就沒有偏向了
obj->set_mark(markOopDesc::encode(highest_lock));
   assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "illegal mark state: stack lock used bias bit");
  ...
 } else {
  ...
   if (allow_rebias) {
     obj->set_mark(biased_prototype);
   } else {
     // Store the unlocked value into the object"s header.    
        obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
   }
 }
//撤銷完畢 return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}