mongodb常用命令

Chao 發(fā)布于2019-06-26 17:07 / 1666人閱讀

摘要：超級(jí)用戶相關(guān)進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)增加或修改用戶密碼查看用戶列表用戶認(rèn)證刪除用戶查看所有用戶查看所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查看所有的查看各的狀態(tài)查看主從復(fù)制狀態(tài)修復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)置記錄，查看拷貝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)刪除刪除當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)增刪改返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)集的數(shù)據(jù)集返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)集的數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù)返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)集

1. 超級(jí)用戶相關(guān)：

 1.進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)admin
  use admin

 2.增加或修改用戶密碼
  db.addUser("name","pwd")

 3. #查看用戶列表
  db.system.users.find()

 4. #用戶認(rèn)證
  db.auth("name","pwd")

 5. #刪除用戶
  db.removeUser("name")

 6. #查看所有用戶
  show users

 7. #查看所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
  show dbs

 8. #查看所有的collection
  show collections

 9. #查看各collection的狀態(tài)
  db.printCollectionStats()

10. #查看主從復(fù)制狀態(tài)
  db.printReplicationInfo()

11. #修復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
  db.repairDatabase()

12. #設(shè)置記錄profiling，0=off 1=slow 2=all
  db.setProfilingLevel(1)

13. #查看profiling
  show profile

14. #拷貝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
  db.copyDatabase("mail_addr","mail_addr_tmp")

15. #刪除collection
  db.mail_addr.drop()

16. #刪除當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
  db.dropDatabase()

2. 增刪改

db.test.find({id:10}) 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.test.find({id:10}).count() 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù)
db.test.find({id:10}).limit(2) 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集從第二條開始的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.test.find({id:10}).skip(8) 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集從0到第八條的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.test.find({id:10}).limit(2).skip(8) 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=1=的數(shù)據(jù)集從第二條到第八條的數(shù)據(jù)
db.test.find({id:10}).sort() 返回test數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的排序數(shù)據(jù)集
db.test.findOne([query]) 返回符合條件的一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.test.getDB() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集所屬的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱
db.test.getIndexes() 返回些數(shù)據(jù)集的索引信息
db.test.group({key:...,initial:...,reduce:...[,cond:...]})
db.test.mapReduce(mayFunction,reduceFunction,)
db.test.remove(query) 在數(shù)據(jù)集中刪除一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.test.renameCollection(newName) 重命名些數(shù)據(jù)集名稱
db.test.save(obj) 往數(shù)據(jù)集中插入一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.test.stats() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的狀態(tài)
db.test.storageSize() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的存儲(chǔ)大小
db.test.totalIndexSize() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的索引文件大小
db.test.totalSize() 返回些數(shù)據(jù)集的總大小
db.test.update(query,object[,upsert_bool]) 在此數(shù)據(jù)集中更新一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.test.validate() 驗(yàn)證此數(shù)據(jù)集
db.test.getShardVersion() 返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)集共享版本號(hào)

3、MongoDB語(yǔ)法與現(xiàn)有關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)SQL語(yǔ)法比較

MongoDB語(yǔ)法 MySql語(yǔ)法
db.test.find({"name":"foobar"}) <==> select * from test where name="foobar"
db.test.find() <==> select * from test
db.test.find({"ID":10}).count() <==> select count(*) from test where ID=10
db.test.find().skip(10).limit(20) <==> select * from test limit 10,20
db.test.find({"ID":{$in:[25,35,45]}}) <==> select * from test where ID in (25,35,45)
db.test.find().sort({"ID":-1}) <==> select * from test order by ID desc
db.test.distinct("name",{"ID":{$lt:20}}) <==> select distinct(name) from test where ID<20
db.test.group({key:{"name":true},cond:{"name":"foo"},reduce:function(obj,prev){prev.msum+=obj.marks;},initial:{msum:0}}) <==> select name,sum(marks) from test group by name
db.test.find("this.ID<20",{name:1}) <==> select name from test where ID<20
db.test.insert({"name":"foobar","age":25})<==>insert into test ("name","age") values("foobar",25)
db.test.remove({}) <==> delete * from test
db.test.remove({"age":20}) <==> delete test where age=20
db.test.remove({"age":{$lt:20}}) <==> elete test where age<20
db.test.remove({"age":{$lte:20}}) <==> delete test where age<=20
db.test.remove({"age":{$gt:20}}) <==> delete test where age>20
db.test.remove({"age":{$gte:20}}) <==> delete test where age>=20
db.test.remove({"age":{$ne:20}}) <==> delete test where age!=20
db.test.update({"name":"foobar"},{$set:{"age":36}}) <==> update test set age=36 where name="foobar"
db.test.update({"name":"foobar"},{$inc:{"age":3}}) <==> update test set age=age+3 where name="foobar"

4. 索引

1. #增加索引：1(ascending),-1(descending)

 2. db.foo.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true});

 3. #索引子對(duì)象

 4. db.user_addr.ensureIndex({"Al.Em": 1})

 5. #查看索引信息

 6. db.foo.getIndexes()

 7. db.foo.getIndexKeys()

 8. #根據(jù)索引名刪除索引

 9. db.user_addr.dropIndex("Al.Em_1")

5. advanced queries:高級(jí)查詢

條件操作符 
$gt : > 
$lt : < 
$gte: >= 
$lte: <= 
$ne : !=、<> 
$in : in 
$nin: not in 
$all: all 
$not: 反匹配(1.3.3及以上版本)

查詢 name <> "bruce" and age >= 18 的數(shù)據(jù) 
db.users.find({name: {$ne: "bruce"}, age: {$gte: 18}});

查詢 creation_date > "2010-01-01" and creation_date <= "2010-12-31" 的數(shù)據(jù) 
db.users.find({creation_date:{$gt:new Date(2010,0,1), $lte:new Date(2010,11,31)});

查詢 age in (20,22,24,26) 的數(shù)據(jù) 
db.users.find({age: {$in: [20,22,24,26]}});

查詢 age取模10等于0 的數(shù)據(jù) 
db.users.find("this.age % 10 == 0"); 
或者 
db.users.find({age : {$mod : [10, 0]}});

匹配所有 
db.users.find({favorite_number : {$all : [6, 8]}}); 
可以查詢出{name: "David", age: 26, favorite_number: [ 6, 8, 9 ] } 
可以不查詢出{name: "David", age: 26, favorite_number: [ 6, 7, 9 ] }

查詢不匹配name=B*帶頭的記錄 
db.users.find({name: {$not: /^B.*/}}); 
查詢 age取模10不等于0 的數(shù)據(jù) 
db.users.find({age : {$not: {$mod : [10, 0]}}});

#返回部分字段 
選擇返回age和_id字段(_id字段總是會(huì)被返回) 
db.users.find({}, {age:1}); 
db.users.find({}, {age:3}); 
db.users.find({}, {age:true}); 
db.users.find({ name : "bruce" }, {age:1}); 
0為false, 非0為true

選擇返回age、address和_id字段 
db.users.find({ name : "bruce" }, {age:1, address:1});

排除返回age、address和_id字段 
db.users.find({}, {age:0, address:false}); 
db.users.find({ name : "bruce" }, {age:0, address:false});

數(shù)組元素個(gè)數(shù)判斷 
對(duì)于{name: "David", age: 26, favorite_number: [ 6, 7, 9 ] }記錄 
匹配db.users.find({favorite_number: {$size: 3}}); 
不匹配db.users.find({favorite_number: {$size: 2}});

$exists判斷字段是否存在 
查詢所有存在name字段的記錄 
db.users.find({name: {$exists: true}}); 
查詢所有不存在phone字段的記錄 
db.users.find({phone: {$exists: false}});

$type判斷字段類型 
查詢所有name字段是字符類型的 
db.users.find({name: {$type: 2}}); 
查詢所有age字段是整型的 
db.users.find({age: {$type: 16}});

對(duì)于字符字段，可以使用正則表達(dá)式 
查詢以字母b或者B帶頭的所有記錄 
db.users.find({name: /^b.*/i});

$elemMatch(1.3.1及以上版本) 
為數(shù)組的字段中匹配其中某個(gè)元素

Javascript查詢和$where查詢 
查詢 age > 18 的記錄，以下查詢都一樣 
db.users.find({age: {$gt: 18}}); 
db.users.find({$where: "this.age > 18"}); 
db.users.find("this.age > 18"); 
f = function() {return this.age > 18} db.users.find(f);

排序sort() 
以年齡升序asc 
db.users.find().sort({age: 1}); 
以年齡降序desc 
db.users.find().sort({age: -1});

限制返回記錄數(shù)量limit() 
返回5條記錄 
db.users.find().limit(5); 
返回3條記錄并打印信息 
db.users.find().limit(3).forEach(function(user) {print("my age is " + user.age)}); 
結(jié)果 
my age is 18 
my age is 19 
my age is 20

限制返回記錄的開始點(diǎn)skip() 
從第3條記錄開始，返回5條記錄(limit 3, 5) 
db.users.find().skip(3).limit(5);

查詢記錄條數(shù)count() 
db.users.find().count(); 
db.users.find({age:18}).count(); 
以下返回的不是5，而是user表中所有的記錄數(shù)量 
db.users.find().skip(10).limit(5).count(); 
如果要返回限制之后的記錄數(shù)量，要使用count(true)或者count(非0) 
db.users.find().skip(10).limit(5).count(true);

分組group() 
假設(shè)test表只有以下一條數(shù)據(jù) 
{ domain: "www.mongodb.org" 
, invoked_at: {d:"2009-11-03", t:"17:14:05"} 
, response_time: 0.05 
, http_action: "GET /display/DOCS/Aggregation" 
} 
使用group統(tǒng)計(jì)test表11月份的數(shù)據(jù)count:count(*)、total_time:sum(response_time)、avg_time:total_time/count; 
db.test.group( 
{ cond: {"invoked_at.d": {$gt: "2009-11", $lt: "2009-12"}} 
, key: {http_action: true} 
, initial: {count: 0, total_time:0} 
, reduce: function(doc, out){ out.count++; out.total_time+=doc.response_time } 
, finalize: function(out){ out.avg_time = out.total_time / out.count } 
} );

[ 
{ 
"http_action" : "GET /display/DOCS/Aggregation", 
"count" : 1, 
"total_time" : 0.05, 
"avg_time" : 0.05 
} 
]