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資訊專欄INFORMATION COLUMN

MySQL用戶中的%到底包不包括localhost?

greatwhole / 2758人閱讀

摘要:前言操作的時候發現,有時只建了的賬號,可以通過連接,有時候卻不可以,網上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動測試一波兩種連接方法這里說的兩種連接方法指是執行命令時,參數填的是還是兩種連接方式的區別如下參數為當參數為的時候,實際上是使用連接

1 前言

操作MySQL的時候發現,有時只建了%的賬號,可以通過localhost連接,有時候卻不可以,網上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動測試一波

2 兩種連接方法

這里說的兩種連接方法指是執行mysql命令時,-h參數填的是localhost還是IP, 兩種連接方式的區別如下

-h 參數為 localhost

-h參數為localhost的時候,實際上是使用socket連接的(默認連接方式), 實例如下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket

Current user可以看到用戶是xx@localhost, 連接方式為Localhost via UNIX socket

-h 參數為 IP

-h參數為IP的時候,實際上是使用TCP連接的, 實例如下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        11
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8

Current user可以看到用戶是xx@127.0.0.1, 連接方式為TCP/IP

3 不同版本的差別

測試方法就是看能不能連接,如果不想看測試過程可以拉到最后看結論

3.1 MySQL 8.0 創建用戶
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.11    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
...
使用 IP 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        8
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

結果顯示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.2 MySQL 5.7 創建 % 用戶
db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
....
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        11
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8
...

結果顯示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.3 MySQL 5.6 創建用戶
db83-3306>>select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.6.10-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        3
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
......
--------------

結果顯示MySQL 5.6%不包括localhost

3.4 MySQL 5.1 創建用戶
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4901339
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:        4901339
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

結果顯示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost

3.5 MariaDB 10.3 創建用戶
db83-3306>>select version();
+---------------------+
| version()           |
+---------------------+
| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
========= 省略 ===========

MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:        12
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ""
Using delimiter:    ;
Server:            MariaDB
Server version:        10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

結果顯示MariaDB 10.3%不包括localhost

4 結論
版本 用戶中的%是否包括localhost
MySQL8.0 包括
MySQL5.7 包括
MySQL5.6 不包括
MySQL5.1 不包括
MariaDB 10.3 不包括

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