摘要:前言操作的時候發現,有時只建了的賬號,可以通過連接,有時候卻不可以,網上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動測試一波兩種連接方法這里說的兩種連接方法指是執行命令時,參數填的是還是兩種連接方式的區別如下參數為當參數為的時候,實際上是使用連接
1 前言
操作MySQL的時候發現,有時只建了%的賬號,可以通過localhost連接,有時候卻不可以,網上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動測試一波
2 兩種連接方法這里說的兩種連接方法指是執行mysql命令時,-h參數填的是localhost還是IP, 兩種連接方式的區別如下
-h 參數為 localhost當-h參數為localhost的時候,實際上是使用socket連接的(默認連接方式), 實例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
從Current user可以看到用戶是xx@localhost, 連接方式為Localhost via UNIX socket
-h 參數為 IP當-h參數為IP的時候,實際上是使用TCP連接的, 實例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8
從Current user可以看到用戶是xx@127.0.0.1, 連接方式為TCP/IP
3 不同版本的差別測試方法就是看能不能連接,如果不想看測試過程可以拉到最后看結論
3.1 MySQL 8.0 創建用戶mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ...使用 IP 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結果顯示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.2 MySQL 5.7 創建 % 用戶db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ....使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ...
結果顯示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.3 MySQL 5.6 創建用戶db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... --------------
結果顯示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost
3.4 MySQL 5.1 創建用戶mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.1.73 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結果顯示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost
3.5 MariaDB 10.3 創建用戶db83-3306>>select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結果顯示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost
4 結論版本 | 用戶中的%是否包括localhost |
---|---|
MySQL8.0 | 包括 |
MySQL5.7 | 包括 |
MySQL5.6 | 不包括 |
MySQL5.1 | 不包括 |
MariaDB 10.3 | 不包括 |
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