摘要：借用構造函數借助或使用構造函數缺少函數復用原型鏈繼承使用指向對象子類無法給父類傳遞參數無法使用字面量添加新方法所有子類對象共享父類所有方法和屬性引用類型組合繼承借用構造函數對實例屬性繼承對共享方法繼承會調用兩次父類構造函數繼承

借用構造函數,借助call或apply,使用Superclass構造函數,缺少函數復用

function Superclass(name = "default") {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    function Subclass(age = 22, name) {
        this.age = age;
        Superclass.call(this, name);
        this.say = function () {
            console.log(`this.name=${this.name}...this.age=${this.age}`);
        };
    }
    
    const test = new Subclass(23);
    test.say();
    console.log(`test instanceof Subclass`, test instanceof Subclass);
    console.log(`test instanceof Superclass`, test instanceof Superclass);
    console.log(test.__proto__.constructor);
    console.log(Subclass.prototype.constructor);

原型鏈繼承,使用prototype指向Superclass對象,子類無法給父類傳遞參數,無法使用字面量添加新方法,所有子類對象共享父類所有方法和屬性(引用類型)

    function Superclass(name = "default") {
        this.name   = name;
        this.colors = ["r", "y"];
    }

    function Subclass(age = 22) {
        this.age = age;
        this.say = function () {
            console.log(`this.name=${this.name}...this.age=${this.age}`);
        };
    }

    Subclass.prototype             = new Superclass();
    Subclass.prototype.constructor = Subclass;

    const test  = new Subclass(23);
    const test1 = new Subclass(24);
    test.colors.push("b");
    console.log(test.colors);
    console.log(test1.colors);
    test.say();
    test1.say();
    console.log(`test instanceof Subclass`, test instanceof Subclass);
    console.log(`test instanceof Superclass`, test instanceof Superclass);
    console.log(test.__proto__.constructor);
    console.log(Subclass.prototype.constructor);

組合繼承,prototype+call/apply,借用構造函數對實例屬性繼承,prototype對共享方法繼承,會調用兩次父類構造函數

    function Superclass(name = "default") {
        this.name = name;
    }

    Superclass.prototype.say = function () {
        console.log(this.name);
    };

    function Subclass(age = 22, name) {
        this.age = age;
        Superclass.call(name);
    }

    Subclass.prototype             = new Superclass();
    Subclass.prototype.constructor = Subclass;

    const test = new Subclass(23);
    test.say();
    console.log(`test instanceof Subclass`, test instanceof Subclass);
    console.log(`test instanceof Superclass`, test instanceof Superclass);
    console.log(test.__proto__.constructor);
    console.log(Subclass.prototype.constructor);

ES6 Class繼承

    class Superclass {
        constructor(name = "default") {
            this.name = name;
        }
    }
    class Subclass extends Superclass {
        constructor(age = 22, name) {
            super(name);
            this.age = age;
        }

        say() {
            console.log(`this.name=${this.name}...this.age=${this.age}`);
        }
    }

    const test = new Subclass(23);
    test.say();
    console.log(`test instanceof Subclass`, test instanceof Subclass);
    console.log(`test instanceof Superclass`, test instanceof Superclass);
    console.log(test.__proto__.constructor);
    console.log(Subclass.prototype.constructor);

Node util.inherits;

    function Superclass(name = "default") {
        this.name = name;
    }

    function Subclass(age = 22, name) {
        this.age = 22;
        Superclass.call(this, name);

        this.say = function () {
            console.log(`this.name=${this.name}...this.age=${this.age}`);
        };

    }

    require("util").inherits(Subclass, Superclass);

    const test = new Subclass(23);
    test.say();
    console.log(`test instanceof Subclass`, test instanceof Subclass);
    console.log(`test instanceof Superclass`, test instanceof Superclass);
    console.log(test.__proto__.constructor);
    console.log(Subclass.prototype.constructor);