ElasticSearch多種搜索方式

Forest10 發(fā)布于2019-08-16 16:06 / 2934人閱讀

摘要：上一章節(jié)主要介紹了的一些重要概念及簡(jiǎn)單的，本章內(nèi)容將重點(diǎn)介紹的多種查詢方式。的多種搜索方式到此介紹完畢，每種搜索方式中還包含其他的，文中沒(méi)有全部介紹，如果有需要可以自行翻閱官方文檔。

上一章節(jié)主要介紹了ES的一些重要概念及簡(jiǎn)單的CRUD，本章內(nèi)容將重點(diǎn)介紹ES的多種查詢方式。ES在使用過(guò)程中，查詢是最重要的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。

一、Query String Search(‘Query String’方式的搜索)

1.搜索全部商品

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 8,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "test": "test"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

字段解釋：

took:耗費(fèi)了幾毫秒
timed_out:是否超時(shí)，這里是沒(méi)有
_shards:數(shù)據(jù)被拆到了5個(gè)分片上，搜索時(shí)使用了5個(gè)分片，5個(gè)分片都成功地返回了數(shù)據(jù)，失敗了0個(gè)，跳過(guò)了0個(gè)
hits.total:查詢結(jié)果的數(shù)量，3個(gè)document
max_score:就是document對(duì)于一個(gè)search的相關(guān)度的匹配分?jǐn)?shù)，越相關(guān)，就越匹配，分?jǐn)?shù)也越高
hits.hits:包含了匹配搜索的document的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)

2.搜索商品名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，而且按照售價(jià)降序排序：
下面這種方法也是"Query String Search"的由來(lái)，因?yàn)閟earch參數(shù)都是以http請(qǐng)求的query string來(lái)附帶的.

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search?q=name:HuaWei&sort=price:desc

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 23,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          5300
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          2500
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

二、Query DSL(DSL: Domain Specified Language，特定領(lǐng)域的語(yǔ)言)

這種方法是通過(guò)一個(gè)json格式的http request body請(qǐng)求體作為條件，可以完成多種復(fù)雜的查詢需求，比query string的功能更加強(qiáng)大
1.搜索所有商品

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

返回結(jié)果省略...

2.查詢名稱中包含HuaWei的商品，并且按照價(jià)格降序排列

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "HuaWei"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

返回結(jié)果省略...

3.分頁(yè)查詢第二頁(yè)，每頁(yè)1條記錄

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 1
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

注意：
(1)在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中，如果有條件查詢之后再需要分頁(yè)，不需要多帶帶查詢總條數(shù)，ES會(huì)返回滿足條件的總條數(shù)，可以直接使用；
(2)ES的分頁(yè)默認(rèn)from是從0開始的；

4.只查詢特定字段，比如：name，desc和price字段，其他字段不需要返回

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "HuaWei"
    }
  },
  "_source": ["name","desc","price"]
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 27,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "price": 5300,
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "price": 2500,
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

三.Query Filter(對(duì)查詢結(jié)果進(jìn)行過(guò)濾)

比如：查詢名稱中包含HuaWei，并且價(jià)格大于4000的商品記錄:

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "HuaWei"
          }
        }
      ], 
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 4000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 195,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

四、全文索引(Full-Text Search)

搜索生產(chǎn)廠商字段中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的商品記錄：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer"
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 8,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate10",
          "desc": "Cheap and Beauti",
          "price": 2300,
          "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate8",
          "desc": "Cheap and easy to use",
          "price": 2500,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo",
        "_score": 0.18232156,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei P20",
          "desc": "Expen but easy to use",
          "price": 5300,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Fast"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1",
        "_score": 0.18232156,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei nova 4e",
          "desc": "cheap and look nice",
          "price": 1999,
          "producer": "HuaWei Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Nice"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

從以上結(jié)果中可以看到：
id為"SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS"的記錄score分?jǐn)?shù)最高，表示匹配度最高;
原因：
producer分完詞之后包括的詞語(yǔ)有：
(1).HuaWei:
匹配到改詞的記錄ID："SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS","1","CSX8RGkB8mgaHjxkV3w1","zyWpRGkB8mgaHjxk0Hfo"
(2).MateProducer:
匹配到該詞的記錄ID："SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS"
由于"HuaWei MateProducer"兩次匹配到ID為"SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS"的記錄，所以該記錄的score分?jǐn)?shù)最高。

五、Phrase Search(短語(yǔ)搜索)

短語(yǔ)索引和全文索引的區(qū)別：
(1)全文匹配：將要搜索的內(nèi)容分詞，然后挨個(gè)單詞去倒排索引中匹配，只要匹配到任意一個(gè)單詞，就算是匹配到記錄;
(2)短語(yǔ)索引：輸入的搜索串，必須在指定的字段內(nèi)容中，完全包含一模一樣的，才可以算匹配，才能作為結(jié)果返回;
例如：搜索name中包含"HuaWei MateProducer"短語(yǔ)的商品信息:

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer"
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 158,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "SiUBRWkB8mgaHjxkJHyS",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "HuaWei Mate10",
          "desc": "Cheap and Beauti",
          "price": 2300,
          "producer": "HuaWei MateProducer",
          "tags": [
            "Cheap",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

可以看到只有包含"HuaWei MateProducer"的記錄才被返回。

六、Highlight Search(搜索高亮顯示)

高亮搜索指的是搜索的結(jié)果中，將某些特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞使用特定的樣式展示出來(lái)。
例如：搜索商品名稱中包含"Xiao"Mi"的商品，并將搜索的關(guān)鍵詞高亮顯示：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "Xiao"Mi"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name": {}
    }
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 348,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Xiao"Mi 9",
          "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti",
          "price": 3500,
          "producer": "XiaoMi Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "name": [
            "Xiao"Mi 9"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

可以看到，"Xiao"Mi"使用了標(biāo)簽返回了，可以在HTML中直接以斜體展示。
如果想使用自定義高亮樣式，可以使用pre_tags和post_tags進(jìn)行自定義，比如：想使用紅色展示，如下所示：

GET /shop_index/productInfo/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "Xiao"Mi"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name": {}
    },
    "pre_tags": [
      ""
    ],
    "post_tags": [
      ""
    ]
  }
}

返回結(jié)果：

{
  "took": 10,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "shop_index",
        "_type": "productInfo",
        "_id": "HiX9RGkB8mgaHjxk4nxC",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Xiao"Mi 9",
          "desc": "Expen but nice and Beauti",
          "price": 3500,
          "producer": "XiaoMi Producer",
          "tags": [
            "Expen",
            "Beauti"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "name": [
            "Xiao"Mi 9"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

返回結(jié)果中的搜索關(guān)鍵字使用表示紅色的css樣式展示出來(lái)。

ES的多種搜索方式到此介紹完畢，每種搜索方式中還包含其他的API，文中沒(méi)有全部介紹，如果有需要可以自行翻閱官方文檔。歡迎評(píng)論轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)！

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