摘要：一懶漢式線程不安全懶漢式線程不安全私有構(gòu)造方法只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)建實(shí)例二懶漢式線程安全懶漢式線程安全私有構(gòu)造方法只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)建實(shí)例線程安全三餓漢式線程安全餓漢式私有構(gòu)造方法只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)初始化由保證

一、懶漢式（線程不安全）

package com.java.singleton;

//懶漢式 線程不安全
public class LazySingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private LazySingleton() {
    }


    private static LazySingleton instance = null;

    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
    public static LazySingleton getInstance() {

        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new LazySingleton();
        }

        return instance;
    }
}

二、懶漢式（線程安全）

package com.java.singleton;

//懶漢式 線程安全
public class SynchronizedLazySingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private SynchronizedLazySingleton() {
    }


    private static SynchronizedLazySingleton instance = null;

    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例  線程安全
    public static synchronized SynchronizedLazySingleton getInstance() {

        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new SynchronizedLazySingleton();
        }

        return instance;
    }

}

三、餓漢式（線程安全）

package com.java.singleton;

//餓漢式
public class HungrySingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private HungrySingleton() {
    }

    //靜態(tài)初始化 由JVM保證線程安全
    private static HungrySingleton instance = new HungrySingleton();

    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
    public static HungrySingleton getInstance() {

        return instance;
    }

}

四、緩存實(shí)現(xiàn)（線程不安全）

package com.java.singleton;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

//線程不安全 緩存實(shí)現(xiàn)
public class CacheSingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private CacheSingleton() {
    }

    //構(gòu)造緩存容器
    private static Map map = new HashMap<>();

    //構(gòu)造默認(rèn)的存放key
    private static final String DEFAULT_KEY = "Cache";


    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
    public static CacheSingleton getInstance() {

        //先從緩存中取 沒有就創(chuàng)建并放入緩存  有就返回
        CacheSingleton instance = (CacheSingleton) map.get(DEFAULT_KEY);

        if (instance == null) {

            instance = new CacheSingleton();
            map.put(DEFAULT_KEY, instance);
        }

        return instance;
    }

}

五、雙重檢查加鎖（懶漢式 線程安全的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化）

package com.java.singleton;


//雙重檢查加鎖  懶漢式在方法上加synchronized的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化
public class DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton() {
    }

    //volatile 修飾的變量不會(huì)被本地線程緩存 對(duì)該變量的讀寫直接作用于共享內(nèi)存 類似于互斥鎖
    private volatile static DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton instance = null;

    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
    public static DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton getInstance() {

        if (instance == null) {

            synchronized (DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton.class) {

                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton();
                }
            }

        }

        return instance;
    }


}

六、 Lazy Initialization Holder Class實(shí)現(xiàn)單例

package com.java.singleton;


//靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類 Lazy Initialization Holder Class
public class LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton {

    //私有構(gòu)造方法 只允許在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建
    private LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton() {
    }

    /*
     * 靜態(tài)成員式內(nèi)部類 該內(nèi)部類的實(shí)例對(duì)象與外部類的實(shí)例無綁定關(guān)系
     * 有且只有在LazyInitializationHolder被調(diào)用instance時(shí) 在會(huì)對(duì)對(duì)象實(shí)例進(jìn)行裝載
     * 從而實(shí)現(xiàn)延時(shí)加載
     */
    private static class LazyInitializationHolder {

        /*
         * 靜態(tài)初始化器 由JVM保證線程安全
         *
         */
        private static LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton instance = new LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton();
    }


    //創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
    public static LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton getInstance() {

        return LazyInitializationHolder.instance;
    }


}

七、枚舉實(shí)現(xiàn)單例

package com.java.singleton;

public enum EnumSingleton {

    //枚舉類的每個(gè)元素 都代表一個(gè)單例
    uniqueEnumSingleton;


    public  void method() {

        System.out.println("EnumSingleton"+uniqueEnumSingleton.hashCode());
    }

}

八、測(cè)試類

package com.java.singleton;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SingletonApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void testCacheSingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("CacheSingleton	" + CacheSingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDoubleCheckedLockingSingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton	" + DoubleCheckedLockingSingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }

    @Test
    public void testEnumSingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            EnumSingleton.uniqueEnumSingleton.method();
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }


    @Test
    public void testHungrySingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("HungrySingleton	" + HungrySingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }


    @Test
    public void testLazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton	" + LazyInitializationHolderClassSingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }

    @Test
    public void testLazySingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("LazySingleton	" + LazySingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }


    @Test
    public void testSynchronizedLazySingleton() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            System.out.println("SynchronizedLazySingleton	" + SynchronizedLazySingleton.getInstance());
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------
");
    }


}

九、測(cè)試結(jié)果