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基于LLVM開(kāi)發(fā)Clang插件進(jìn)行代碼風(fēng)格檢查

Raaabbit / 3637人閱讀

摘要:其實(shí)和我還沒(méi)有好好研究過(guò),之前大部分都是用開(kāi)發(fā),代碼風(fēng)格檢查都是用的,所以這次選擇的代碼檢查作為開(kāi)始,通過(guò)實(shí)踐找找感覺(jué)和興趣,之后再一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)精進(jìn)。

這個(gè)很多人都做過(guò),文章也挺多的,我也是參考別人文章的,不過(guò)直到真正實(shí)現(xiàn)還是踩了許多坑,所以記錄下來(lái),或許對(duì)其他人有幫助。其實(shí)LLVM和Clang我還沒(méi)有好好研究過(guò),之前大部分都是用Swift開(kāi)發(fā),代碼風(fēng)格檢查都是用的Swiftlint,所以這次選擇OC的代碼檢查作為開(kāi)始,通過(guò)實(shí)踐找找感覺(jué)和興趣,之后再一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)精進(jìn)。

下載源碼

代開(kāi)終端

sudo mkdir llvm
sudo chown `whoami` llvm
cd llvm
export LLVM_HOME=`pwd`

git clone -b release_60 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm.git llvm  
git clone -b release_60 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/clang.git llvm/tools/clang  
git clone -b release_60 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/clang-tools-extra.git llvm/tools/clang/tools/extra  
git clone -b release_60 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/compiler-rt.git llvm/projects/compiler-rt

下載源碼會(huì)比較慢,另外網(wǎng)上有其他文章,有的文章比較老,版本也比較老,建議用最新的release_60

安裝cmake

如果沒(méi)有安裝cmake需要安裝一下,后面需要用。

brew update
brew install cmake

開(kāi)始編寫(xiě)插件

cd到llvm/llvm/tools/clang/examples

1.打開(kāi)這個(gè)目錄下的CMakeLists.txt文件,然后添加add_subdirectory(CodeChecker)

2.在當(dāng)前目錄創(chuàng)建新的文件夾CodeChecker,并cd到CodeChecker

mkdir CodeChecker
cd CodeChecker

3.在新建的CodeChecker目錄下創(chuàng)建三個(gè)文件

touch  CMakeLists.txt
touch  CodeChecker.cpp
touch  CodeChecker.exports

在新創(chuàng)建的CMakeLists.txt中添加

if( NOT MSVC ) # MSVC mangles symbols differently
  if( NOT LLVM_REQUIRES_RTTI )
    if( NOT LLVM_REQUIRES_EH )
      set(LLVM_EXPORTED_SYMBOL_FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/CodeChecker.exports)
    endif()
  endif()
endif()

add_llvm_loadable_module(CodeChecker CodeChecker.cpp)

if(LLVM_ENABLE_PLUGINS AND (WIN32 OR CYGWIN))
  target_link_libraries(CodeChecker ${cmake_2_8_12_PRIVATE}
    clangAST
    clangBasic
    clangFrontend
    LLVMSupport
    )
endif()

CodeChecker.cpp文件中加入

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "clang/Frontend/FrontendPluginRegistry.h"
#include "clang/Rewrite/Core/Rewriter.h"
#include "clang/AST/AST.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTConsumer.h"
#include "clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h"
#include "clang/Frontend/CompilerInstance.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Sema.h"

using namespace clang;
using namespace std;

namespace
{
    static vector<string> split(const string &s, char delim)
    {
        vector<string> elems;
        stringstream ss;
        ss.str(s);
        string item;
        while (getline(ss, item, delim)) {
            elems.push_back(item);
        }
        return elems;
    }

    class CodeVisitor : public RecursiveASTVisitor
    {
    private:
        CompilerInstance &Instance;
        ASTContext *Context;

    public:

        void setASTContext (ASTContext &context)
        {
            this -> Context = &context;
        }

    private:

        /**
         判斷是否為用戶源碼

         @param decl 聲明
         @return true 為用戶源碼,false 非用戶源碼
         */
        bool isUserSourceCode (Decl *decl)
        {
            string filename = Instance.getSourceManager().getFilename(decl->getSourceRange().getBegin()).str();

            if (filename.empty())
                return false;

            //非XCode中的源碼都認(rèn)為是用戶源碼
            if(filename.find("/Applications/Xcode.app/") == 0)
                return false;

            return true;
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)類(lèi)名是否存在小寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 類(lèi)聲明
         */
        void checkClassNameForLowercaseName(ObjCInterfaceDecl *decl)
        {
            StringRef className = decl -> getName();

            //類(lèi)名稱(chēng)必須以大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭
            char c = className[0];
            if (isLowercase(c))
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = className;
                tempName[0] = toUppercase(c);
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(className.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告警告
                DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "Class name should not start with lowercase letter");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)類(lèi)名是否包含下劃線

         @param decl 類(lèi)聲明
         */
        void checkClassNameForUnderscoreInName(ObjCInterfaceDecl *decl)
        {
            StringRef className = decl -> getName();

            //類(lèi)名不能包含下劃線
            size_t underscorePos = className.find("_");
            if (underscorePos != StringRef::npos)
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = className;
                std::string::iterator end_pos = std::remove(tempName.begin(), tempName.end(), "_");
                tempName.erase(end_pos, tempName.end());
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(className.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤
                DiagnosticsEngine &diagEngine = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                unsigned diagID = diagEngine.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "Class name with `_` forbidden");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation().getLocWithOffset(underscorePos);
                diagEngine.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }


        /**
         檢測(cè)方法名是否存在大寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 方法聲明
         */
        void checkMethodNameForUppercaseName(ObjCMethodDecl *decl)
        {
            //檢查名稱(chēng)的每部分,都不允許以大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭
            Selector sel = decl -> getSelector();
            int selectorPartCount = decl -> getNumSelectorLocs();
            for (int i = 0; i < selectorPartCount; i++)
            {
                StringRef selName = sel.getNameForSlot(i);
                char c = selName[0];
                if (isUppercase(c))
                {
                    //修正提示
                    std::string tempName = selName;
                    tempName[0] = toLowercase(c);
                    StringRef replacement(tempName);
                    SourceLocation nameStart = decl -> getSelectorLoc(i);
                    SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(selName.size() - 1);
                    FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                    //報(bào)告警告
                    DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                    int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "Selector name should not start with uppercase letter");
                    SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                    D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)方法中定義的參數(shù)名稱(chēng)是否存在大寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 方法聲明
         */
        void checkMethodParamsNameForUppercaseName(ObjCMethodDecl *decl)
        {
            for (ObjCMethodDecl::param_iterator it = decl -> param_begin(); it != decl -> param_end(); it++)
            {
                ParmVarDecl *parmVarDecl = *it;
                StringRef name = parmVarDecl -> getName();
                char c = name[0];
                if (isUppercase(c))
                {
                    //修正提示
                    std::string tempName = name;
                    tempName[0] = toLowercase(c);
                    StringRef replacement(tempName);
                    SourceLocation nameStart = parmVarDecl -> getLocation();
                    SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(name.size() - 1);
                    FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                    //報(bào)告警告
                    DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                    int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Warning, "Selector"s param name should not start with uppercase letter");
                    SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                    D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)是否超過(guò)500行代碼

         @param decl 方法聲明
         */
        void checkMethodBodyForOver500Lines(ObjCMethodDecl *decl)
        {
            if (decl -> hasBody())
            {
                //存在方法體
                Stmt *methodBody = decl -> getBody();

                string srcCode;
                srcCode.assign(Instance.getSourceManager().getCharacterData(methodBody->getSourceRange().getBegin()),
                               methodBody->getSourceRange().getEnd().getRawEncoding() - methodBody->getSourceRange().getBegin().getRawEncoding() + 1);
                vector<string> lines = split(srcCode, "
");
                if(lines.size() > 500)
                {
                    DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                    unsigned diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Warning, "Single method should not have body over 500 lines");
                    D.Report(decl -> getSourceRange().getBegin(), diagID);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)屬性名是否存在大寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 屬性聲明
         */
        void checkPropertyNameForUppercaseName(ObjCPropertyDecl *decl)
        {
            bool checkUppercaseNameIndex = 0;

            StringRef name = decl -> getName();

            if (name.find("_") == 0)
            {
                //表示以下劃線開(kāi)頭
                checkUppercaseNameIndex = 1;
            }

            //名稱(chēng)必須以小寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭
            char c = name[checkUppercaseNameIndex];
            if (isUppercase(c))
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = name;
                tempName[checkUppercaseNameIndex] = toLowercase(c);
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(name.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤
                DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "Property name should not start with uppercase letter");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }

        /**
         檢測(cè)屬性名是否包含下劃線

         @param decl 屬性聲明
         */
        void checkPropertyNameForUnderscoreInName(ObjCPropertyDecl *decl)
        {
            StringRef name = decl -> getName();

            if (name.size() == 1)
            {
                //不需要檢測(cè)
                return;
            }

            //類(lèi)名不能包含下劃線
            size_t underscorePos = name.find("_", 1);
            if (underscorePos != StringRef::npos)
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = name;
                std::string::iterator end_pos = std::remove(tempName.begin() + 1, tempName.end(), "_");
                tempName.erase(end_pos, tempName.end());
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(name.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤
                DiagnosticsEngine &diagEngine = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                unsigned diagID = diagEngine.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "Property name with `_` forbidden");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation().getLocWithOffset(underscorePos);
                diagEngine.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }


        /**
         檢測(cè)委托屬性是否有使用weak修飾

         @param decl 屬性聲明
         */
        void checkDelegatePropertyForUsageWeak (ObjCPropertyDecl *decl)
        {
            QualType type = decl -> getType();
            StringRef typeStr = type.getAsString();

            //Delegate
            if(typeStr.find("<") != string::npos && typeStr.find(">") != string::npos)
            {
                ObjCPropertyDecl::PropertyAttributeKind attrKind = decl -> getPropertyAttributes();

                string typeSrcCode;
                typeSrcCode.assign(Instance.getSourceManager().getCharacterData(decl -> getSourceRange().getBegin()),
                                   decl -> getSourceRange().getEnd().getRawEncoding() - decl -> getSourceRange().getBegin().getRawEncoding());

                if(!(attrKind & ObjCPropertyDecl::OBJC_PR_weak))
                {
                    DiagnosticsEngine &diagEngine = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                    unsigned diagID = diagEngine.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Warning, "Delegate should be declared as weak.");
                    diagEngine.Report(decl -> getLocation(), diagID);
                }
            }
        }


        /**
         檢測(cè)常量名稱(chēng)是否存在小寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 常量聲明
         */
        void checkConstantNameForLowercaseName (VarDecl *decl)
        {
            StringRef className = decl -> getName();

            //類(lèi)名稱(chēng)必須以大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭
            char c = className[0];
            if (isLowercase(c))
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = className;
                tempName[0] = toUppercase(c);
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(className.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告警告
                DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Warning, "Constant name should not start with lowercase letter");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }


        /**
         檢測(cè)變量名稱(chēng)是否存在大寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭

         @param decl 變量聲明
         */
        void checkVarNameForUppercaseName (VarDecl *decl)
        {
            StringRef className = decl -> getName();

            //類(lèi)名稱(chēng)必須以大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭
            char c = className[0];
            if (isUppercase(c))
            {
                //修正提示
                std::string tempName = className;
                tempName[0] = toLowercase(c);
                StringRef replacement(tempName);
                SourceLocation nameStart = decl->getLocation();
                SourceLocation nameEnd = nameStart.getLocWithOffset(className.size() - 1);
                FixItHint fixItHint = FixItHint::CreateReplacement(SourceRange(nameStart, nameEnd), replacement);

                //報(bào)告警告
                DiagnosticsEngine &D = Instance.getDiagnostics();
                int diagID = D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Warning, "Variable name should not start with uppercase letter");
                SourceLocation location = decl->getLocation();
                D.Report(location, diagID).AddFixItHint(fixItHint);
            }
        }


        /**
         檢測(cè)變量名稱(chēng)

         @param decl 變量聲明
         */
        void checkVarName(VarDecl *decl)
        {
            if (decl -> isStaticLocal())
            {
                //靜態(tài)變量

                if (decl -> getType().isConstant(*this -> Context))
                {
                    //常量
                    checkConstantNameForLowercaseName(decl);
                }
                else
                {
                    //非常量
                    checkVarNameForUppercaseName(decl);
                }

            }
            else if (decl -> isLocalVarDecl())
            {
                //本地變量
                if (decl -> getType().isConstant(*this -> Context))
                {
                    //常量
                    checkConstantNameForLowercaseName(decl);
                }
                else
                {
                    //非常量
                    checkVarNameForUppercaseName(decl);
                }
            }
            else if (decl -> isFileVarDecl())
            {
                //文件定義變量
                if (decl -> getType().isConstant(*this -> Context))
                {
                    //常量
                    checkConstantNameForLowercaseName(decl);
                }
                else
                {
                    //非常量
                    checkVarNameForUppercaseName(decl);
                }
            }
        }

    public:

        CodeVisitor (CompilerInstance &Instance)
        :Instance(Instance)
        {

        }

        /**
         觀察ObjC的類(lèi)聲明

         @param declaration 聲明對(duì)象
         @return 返回
         */
        bool VisitObjCInterfaceDecl(ObjCInterfaceDecl *declaration)
        {
            if (isUserSourceCode(declaration))
            {
                checkClassNameForLowercaseName(declaration);
                checkClassNameForUnderscoreInName(declaration);
            }

            return true;
        }


        /**
         觀察類(lèi)方法聲明

         @param declaration 聲明對(duì)象
         @return 返回
         */
        bool VisitObjCMethodDecl(ObjCMethodDecl *declaration)
        {
            if (isUserSourceCode(declaration))
            {
                checkMethodNameForUppercaseName(declaration);
                checkMethodParamsNameForUppercaseName(declaration);
                checkMethodBodyForOver500Lines(declaration);
            }

            return true;
        }


        /**
         觀察類(lèi)屬性聲明

         @param declaration 聲明對(duì)象
         @return 返回
         */
        bool VisitObjCPropertyDecl(ObjCPropertyDecl *declaration)
        {
            if (isUserSourceCode(declaration))
            {
                checkPropertyNameForUppercaseName(declaration);
                checkPropertyNameForUnderscoreInName(declaration);
                checkDelegatePropertyForUsageWeak(declaration);
            }

            return true;
        }

        /**
         觀察變量聲明

         @param declaration 聲明對(duì)象
         @return 返回
         */
        bool VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *declaration)
        {
            if (isUserSourceCode(declaration))
            {
                checkVarName(declaration);
            }

            return true;
        }

        /**
         觀察枚舉常量聲明

         @param declaration 聲明對(duì)象
         @return 返回
         */
        //        bool VisitEnumConstantDecl (EnumConstantDecl *declaration)
        //        {
        //            return true;
        //        }
    };

    class CodeConsumer : public ASTConsumer
    {
        CompilerInstance &Instance;
        std::set<std::string> ParsedTemplates;
    public:
        CodeConsumer(CompilerInstance &Instance,
                     std::set<std::string> ParsedTemplates)
        : Instance(Instance), ParsedTemplates(ParsedTemplates), visitor(Instance)
        {

        }

        bool HandleTopLevelDecl(DeclGroupRef DG) override
        {
            return true;
        }

        void HandleTranslationUnit(ASTContext& context) override
        {
            visitor.setASTContext(context);
            visitor.TraverseDecl(context.getTranslationUnitDecl());
        }

    private:
        CodeVisitor visitor;
    };

    class CodeASTAction : public PluginASTAction
    {
        std::set<std::string> ParsedTemplates;
    protected:
        std::unique_ptr CreateASTConsumer(CompilerInstance &CI,
                                                       llvm::StringRef) override
        {
            return llvm::make_unique(CI, ParsedTemplates);
        }

        bool ParseArgs(const CompilerInstance &CI,
                       const std::vector<std::string> &args) override
        {
            //            DiagnosticsEngine &D = CI.getDiagnostics();
            //            D.Report(D.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error,
            //                                       "My plugin Started..."));

            return true;
        }
    };
}

static clang::FrontendPluginRegistry::Add
X("CodeChecker", "Code Checker");

使用cmake編譯源代碼

1.cd到llvm,注意不是llvm/llvm,執(zhí)行

mkdir llvm_build && cd llvm_build
cmake -G Xcode ../llvm -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=MinSizeRel

2.然后會(huì)在llvm_build文件目錄中看到LLVM.xcodeproj,用xcode打開(kāi),選擇Automatically Create Schemes

3.編譯 clang,CodeChecker,libclang

4.在llvm_build/Debug/lib目錄下可以找到我們的插件,如下圖:

Xcode集成Plugin

創(chuàng)建需要加載插件的項(xiàng)目,在Build Settings欄目中的OTHER_CFLAGS添加上如下內(nèi)容:

-Xclang -load -Xclang (.dylib)動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)路徑 -Xclang -add-plugin -Xclang 插件名字

我把插件拷貝的桌面了,所以我的是:

-Xclang -load -Xclang /Users/roy.cao/Desktop/CodeChecker.dylib -Xclang -add-plugin -Xclang CodeChecker

然后你build項(xiàng)目,可能有unable to load plugin "/Users/roy.cao/Desktop/CodeChecker.dylib"的error,這是由于Clang插件需要對(duì)應(yīng)的Clang版本來(lái)加載,如果版本不一致會(huì)導(dǎo)致編譯錯(cuò)誤。

在Build Settings欄目中新增兩項(xiàng)用戶定義的設(shè)置,分別為CC和CXX CC對(duì)應(yīng)的是自己編譯的clang的絕對(duì)路徑,CXX對(duì)應(yīng)的是自己編譯的clang++的絕對(duì)路徑

/Users/roy.cao/llvm/llvm_build/Debug/bin/clang
/Users/roy.cao/llvm/llvm_build/Debug/bin/clang++

再build,會(huì)有以下錯(cuò)誤:

在Build Settings欄目中搜索index,將Enable Index-Wihle-Building Functionality的Default改為NO.

再build可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一大堆系統(tǒng)庫(kù)的 symbol not found 錯(cuò)誤

這個(gè)時(shí)候需要在剛剛OTHER_CFLAGS的

-Xclang -load -Xclang /Users/roy.cao/Desktop/CodeChecker.dylib -Xclang -add-plugin -Xclang CodeChecker

后面再加上-isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator12.0.sdk

注意iPhoneSimulator12.0.sdk,每個(gè)人的可能不同,需要到目錄下看看自己的版本。 那么完整的就是下圖這樣:

再build就能做代碼風(fēng)格檢查啦,慶祝一下吧~~~~

參考文章:
LLVM & Clang 入門(mén)
使用Xcode開(kāi)發(fā)iOS語(yǔ)法檢查的Clang插件
Clang 之旅--使用 Xcode 開(kāi)發(fā) Clang 插件

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