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2.走向自動(dòng)裝配

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摘要：走向自動(dòng)裝配模式注解裝配走向自動(dòng)裝配課程介紹手動(dòng)裝配自動(dòng)裝配自動(dòng)裝配是以手動(dòng)裝配為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)的手動(dòng)裝配模式注解模式注解是一種用于聲明在應(yīng)用中扮演組件角色的注解。

2.走向自動(dòng)裝配 Spring 模式注解裝配 2-1 走向自動(dòng)裝配

課程介紹

spring framework手動(dòng)裝配

spring boot自動(dòng)裝配

spring boot自動(dòng)裝配是以spring framework手動(dòng)裝配為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)的

2-2 Spring Framework 手動(dòng)裝配 [模式注解（Stereotype Annotations)]() 
A *stereotype annotation is an annotation that is used to declare the role that a component plays within the application. For example, the @Repository annotation in the Spring Framework is a marker for any class that fulfills the role or stereotype* of a repository (also known as Data Access Object or DAO).
@Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component. Any component annotated with @Component is a candidate for component scanning. Similarly, any component annotated with an annotation that is itself meta-annotated with @Component is also a candidate for component scanning. For example, @Service is meta-annotated with @Component.

模式注解是一種用于聲明在應(yīng)用中扮演“組件”角色的注解。如 Spring Framework 中的 @Repository 標(biāo)注在任何類上 ，用于扮演倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)角色的模式注解。

@Component 作為一種由 Spring 容器托管的通用模式組件，任何被 @Component 標(biāo)注的組件均為組件掃描的候選對(duì)象。類似地，凡是被 @Component 元標(biāo)注（meta-annotated）的注解，也即被@Component 注解標(biāo)注過的注解，如 @Service ，且這兩個(gè)注解的簽名也一致時(shí)，當(dāng)任何組件標(biāo)注它時(shí)，也被視作組件掃描的候選對(duì)象 。

模式注解舉例
Spring Framework 注解 場(chǎng)景說明 起始版本
@Repository 數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)模式注解 2.0
@Component 通用組件模式注解 2.5
@Service 服務(wù)模式注解 2.5
@Controller Web 控制器模式注解 2.5
@Configuration 配置類模式注解 3.0
裝配方式
方式
@ComponentScan 方式
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.imooc.dive.in.spring.boot")
public class SpringConfiguration {
...
}
2-3 Spring Framework手動(dòng)裝配自定義模式注解 自定義模式注解

@firstLevelRepository注解“繼承”了@repository，同時(shí)@repository注解又“繼承”了@component，三個(gè)注解在注解關(guān)系上層層“繼承”，同時(shí)注解的簽名字段即注解屬性方法也一致，只有一個(gè)value字段，用于指定bean的name。同理，@SecondLevelRepository注解被@FirstLevelRepository注解標(biāo)注也會(huì)有同樣的效果，體現(xiàn)了層次性。 “派生性”側(cè)重于從spring已有的注解生成新的注解，“層次性”側(cè)重于這些注解之間所謂的層層”繼承“關(guān)系。

@Component “派生性”

FirstLevelRepository注解定義

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
 * 一級(jí) {@link Repository @Repository}
 *
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Repository
public @interface FirstLevelRepository {

    String value() default "";

}
@Component “層次性”

@SecondLevelRepository注解定義

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@FirstLevelRepository
public @interface SecondLevelRepository {

    String value() default "";

}

兩個(gè)自定義注解的使用

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.repository;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation.FirstLevelRepository;
import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation.SecondLevelRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 *
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
//@FirstLevelRepository(value = "myFirstLevelRepository")//value指定bean的名稱
//@Component(value = "myFirstLevelRepository")//同樣的效果，注解的派生性
@SecondLevelRepository(value = "myFirstLevelRepository")//同樣的效果，注解的層次性
public class MyFirstLevelRepository {
}

Repository啟動(dòng)類的使用，用于驗(yàn)證自定義注解的使用。此處沒有使用默認(rèn)的@SpringBootApplication注解，使用SpringApplicationBuilder初始化上下文

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.bootstrap;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.repository.MyFirstLevelRepository;
import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

/**
 * Repository啟動(dòng)類
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
//掃描bean目錄
@ComponentScan(value ="com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.repository")
public class RepositoryBootstrap {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //springboot上下文初始化
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(RepositoryBootstrap.class)
                //非web工程
                .web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
                .run(args);
        //myFirstLevelRepository bean是否存在
        MyFirstLevelRepository myFirstLevelRepository = context.getBean("myFirstLevelRepository", MyFirstLevelRepository.class);

        System.out.println("myFirstLevelRepository"+myFirstLevelRepository);


        //關(guān)閉上下文
        context.close();
    }
}
Spring @Enable 模塊裝配

Spring Framework 3.1 開始支持”@Enable 模塊驅(qū)動(dòng)“。所謂“模塊”是指具備相同領(lǐng)域的功能組件集合， 組合所形成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單元。所謂模塊是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)功能所涉及到的各個(gè)組件的集合。比如 Web MVC 模塊、AspectJ代理模塊、Caching（緩存）模塊、JMX（Java 管 理擴(kuò)展）模塊、Async（異步處理）模塊等。

2-4 @Enable 模塊裝配兩種方式 @Enable 注解模塊舉例
框架實(shí)現(xiàn) @Enable 注解模塊 激活模塊
Spring Framework @EnableWebMvc Web MVC 模塊
@EnableTransactionManagement 事務(wù)管理模塊
@EnableCaching Caching 模塊
@EnableMBeanExport JMX 模塊
@EnableAsync 異步處理模塊
EnableWebFlux Web Flux 模塊
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy AspectJ 代理模塊
Spring Boot @EnableAutoConfiguration 自動(dòng)裝配模塊
@EnableManagementContext Actuator 管理模塊
@EnableConfigurationProperties 配置屬性綁定模塊
@EnableOAuth2Sso OAuth2 單點(diǎn)登錄模塊
Spring Cloud @EnableEurekaServer Eureka服務(wù)器模塊
@EnableConfigServer 配置服務(wù)器模塊
@EnableFeignClients Feign客戶端模塊
@EnableZuulProxy 服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān) Zuul 模塊
@EnableCircuitBreaker 服務(wù)熔斷模塊
實(shí)現(xiàn)方式
注解驅(qū)動(dòng)方式

通過引入@Import一個(gè)被@configuration模式注解的類來實(shí)現(xiàn)此模塊的功能，加載相應(yīng)的bean。

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
}
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends
WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
...
}
接口編程方式

引入@Import的類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)ImportSelector接口，此接口能夠返回多個(gè)配置bean，根據(jù)注解配置的簽名信息決定引入bean，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)模塊裝配的多樣化。

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(CachingConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableCaching {
...
}
public class CachingConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector {
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@link ProxyCachingConfiguration} or {@code
AspectJCacheConfiguration} for
* {@code PROXY} and {@code ASPECTJ} values of {@link
EnableCaching#mode()}, respectively
*/
public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {
            switch (adviceMode) {
                case PROXY:
                return new String[] {                AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName(),ProxyCachingConfiguration.class.getName() };
                case ASPECTJ:
            return new String[] {
        AnnotationConfigUtils.CACHE_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME };
                default:
                return null;
            }
}

ImportSelector接口

package org.springframework.context.annotation;

import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;

/**
 * Interface to be implemented by types that determine which @{@link Configuration}
 * class(es) should be imported based on a given selection criteria, usually one or more
 * annotation attributes.
 *
 * 
An {@link ImportSelector} may implement any of the following
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.Aware Aware} interfaces, and their respective
 * methods will be called prior to {@link #selectImports}:
 * 
    
 * 
  • {@link org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware EnvironmentAware}
    • 
 * 
  • {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware BeanFactoryAware}
    • 
 * 
  • {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware BeanClassLoaderAware}
    • 
 * 
  • {@link org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware ResourceLoaderAware}
    • 
 * 

 *
 * 
ImportSelectors are usually processed in the same way as regular {@code @Import}
 * annotations, however, it is also possible to defer selection of imports until all
 * {@code @Configuration} classes have been processed (see {@link DeferredImportSelector}
 * for details).
 *
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 3.1
 * @see DeferredImportSelector
 * @see Import
 * @see ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
 * @see Configuration
 */
public interface ImportSelector {

    /**
     * Select and return the names of which class(es) should be imported based on
     * the {@link AnnotationMetadata} of the importing @{@link Configuration} class.
     */
    String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata);

}
自定義 @Enable 模塊
基于注解驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn) - @EnableHelloWorld

HelloWorldConfiguration -> HelloWorld

自定義@EnableHelloWorld注解

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
//@Import(HelloWorldConfiguration.class)//注解驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式
@Import(HelloWorldImportSelector.class)//接口編程實(shí)現(xiàn)方式
public @interface EnableHelloWorld {
}

基于@Configuration注解import引入的配置類

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Configuration
public class HelloWorldConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public String helloWorld() { // 方法名即 Bean 名稱
        return "Hello,World 2018";
    }
}
基于接口驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn) - @EnableServer

HelloWorldImportSelector -> HelloWorldConfiguration -> HelloWorld

基于實(shí)現(xiàn)ImportSelector接口import引入的配置類

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportSelector;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
public class HelloWorldImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        return new String[]{HelloWorldConfiguration.class.getName()};
    }
}

驗(yàn)證@EnableHelloWorld啟動(dòng)類

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.bootstrap;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.annotation.EnableHelloWorld;
import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@EnableHelloWorld
public class EnableHelloWorldBootstrap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(EnableHelloWorldBootstrap.class)
                .web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
                .run(args);

        // helloWorld Bean 是否存在
        String helloWorld =
                context.getBean("helloWorld", String.class);

        System.out.println("helloWorld Bean : " + helloWorld);

        // 關(guān)閉上下文
        context.close();

    }
}

兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式對(duì)比，接口驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)由于中間經(jīng)過ImportSelector轉(zhuǎn)換，此種方式相比注解驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)更有彈性，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)bean加載方式的多樣化，自定義實(shí)現(xiàn)多種返回值，類似于條件裝配。

Spring 條件裝配 2-5 Spring條件裝配

從 Spring Framework 3.1 開始，允許在 Bean 裝配時(shí)增加前置條件判斷

條件注解舉例
Spring 注解 場(chǎng)景說明 起始版本
@Profile 配置化條件裝配 3.1
@Conditional 編程條件裝配 4.0

profile參數(shù)配置方式有局限，conditional自定義編程更大的靈活性

實(shí)現(xiàn)方式
配置方式 - @Profile

@profile注解實(shí)際上是通過@conditional注解實(shí)現(xiàn)的

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(ProfileCondition.class)
public @interface Profile {

    /**
     * The set of profiles for which the annotated component should be registered.
     */
    String[] value();

}
編程方式 - @Conditional

@Conditional 注解的定義及其使用，必須配合Condition接口使用。

判斷@Conditional注解的簽名類OnClassCondition.class是否在當(dāng)前classpath下存在。

OnClassCondition.class這個(gè)類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)Condition接口，在此類中根據(jù) @ConditionalOnClass注解的簽名信息作匹配判斷，是否裝配此bean。

/**
 * {@link Conditional} that only matches when the specified classes are on the classpath.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 */
@Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(OnClassCondition.class)
public @interface ConditionalOnClass {

    /**
     * The classes that must be present. Since this annotation is parsed by loading class
     * bytecode, it is safe to specify classes here that may ultimately not be on the
     * classpath, only if this annotation is directly on the affected component and
     * not if this annotation is used as a composed, meta-annotation. In order to
     * use this annotation as a meta-annotation, only use the {@link #name} attribute.
     * @return the classes that must be present
     */
    Class[] value() default {};

    /**
     * The classes names that must be present.
     * @return the class names that must be present.
     */
    String[] name() default {};

}

@Conditional注解的定義

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Conditional {

    /**
     * All {@link Condition}s that must {@linkplain Condition#matches match}
     * in order for the component to be registered.
     */
    Class[] value();

}

Condition接口

public interface Condition {

   /**
    * Determine if the condition matches.
    * @param context the condition context
    * @param metadata metadata of the {@link org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata class}
    * or {@link org.springframework.core.type.MethodMetadata method} being checked.
    * @return {@code true} if the condition matches and the component can be registered
    * or {@code false} to veto registration.
    */
   boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata);

}
2-6 基于配置方式實(shí)現(xiàn)自定義條件裝配 自定義條件裝配
基于配置方式實(shí)現(xiàn) - @Profile

計(jì)算服務(wù)，多整數(shù)求和 ：sum

@Profile("Java7") : for 循環(huán)

@Profile("Java8") : Lambda

CalculateService求和接口

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.service;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
public interface CalculateService {

    /**
     * 從多個(gè)整數(shù) sum 求和
     * @param values 多個(gè)整數(shù)
     * @return sum 累加值
     */
    Integer sum(Integer... values);

}

CalculateService求和接口java7實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.service;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Service
@Profile("Java7")
public class Java7CalculateService implements CalculateService {
    @Override
    public Integer sum(Integer... values) {
        System.out.println("Java 7 for 循環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn) ");
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            sum += values[i];
        }
        return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CalculateService calculateService = new Java7CalculateService();
        System.out.println(calculateService.sum(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10));
    }
}

CalculateService求和接口java8實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.service;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@Service
@Profile("Java8")//條件配置裝配
public class Java8CalculateService implements CalculateService{
    @Override
    public Integer sum(Integer... values) {
        System.out.println("Java 8 Lambda 實(shí)現(xiàn)");
        //Integer sum = Stream.of(values).reduce(0, (integer1, integer2) -> integer1 + integer2);
        int sum = Stream.of(values).reduce(0, Integer::sum);
        return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CalculateService calculateService = new Java8CalculateService();
        System.out.println(calculateService.sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));
    }
}

@Profile啟動(dòng)類驗(yàn)證

package com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.bootstrap;

import com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.service.CalculateService;
import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author gaorj
 * @since 2018/10/16
 */
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages ="com.imooc.springbootautoconfigure.service")
public class CalculateServiceBootstrap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(CalculateServiceBootstrap.class).web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
                .profiles("Java7")
                .run(args);

        // CalculateService Bean 是否存在
        CalculateService calculateService = context.getBean(CalculateService.class);

        System.out.println("calculateService.sum(1...10) : " +
                calculateService.sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));

        // 關(guān)閉上下文
        context.close();
    }
}
2-7 基于編程方式實(shí)現(xiàn)條件裝配
基于編程方式實(shí)現(xiàn) - @ConditionalOnSystemProperty

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