資訊專欄INFORMATION COLUMN
摘要：時間年月日星期一說明本文部分內容均來自慕課網。慕課網教學示例源碼個人學習源碼第一章課程介紹課程介紹什么是主旨提供一個熟悉的一致的，基于框架的數據訪問框架。
時間：2017年04月24日星期一
說明：本文部分內容均來自慕課網。@慕課網：http://www.imooc.com
教學示例源碼：https://github.com/zccodere/s...
個人學習源碼：https://github.com/zccodere/s...
什么是Spring Data
主旨：提供一個熟悉的、一致的，基于Spring框架的數據訪問框架。 簡化數據庫的訪問。 歷史：2010年提出，作者Rod Johnso，Spring Source項目 網址：http://projects.spring.io/spring-data/#quick-start
Spring Data概覽
Spring Data包含多個子項目
Spring Data JPA Spring Data Mongo DB Spring Data Redis Spring Data Solr
課程安排
傳統方式訪問數據庫 Spring Data快速起步 Spring Data JPA進階 Spring Data JPA高級第二章：使用傳統方式訪問數據庫 2-1 使用傳統方式訪問數據庫
傳統方式訪問數據庫
JDBC Spring JdbcTemplate 弊端分析2-2 準備工作
JDBC
Connection Statement ResultSet Test Case
搭建開發環境
創建maven項目 添加數據庫驅動和單元測試依賴 數據庫表的準備，使用mysql數據庫
創建一個Java項目，POM文件如下：
4.0.0 com.zccoder myspringdata 1.0-SNAPSHOT UTF-8 org.springframework spring-jdbc 4.3.6.RELEASE org.springframework spring-context 4.3.6.RELEASE org.springframework.data spring-data-jpa 1.11.3.RELEASE org.hibernate hibernate-entitymanager 5.2.10.Final mysql mysql-connector-java 5.1.38 junit junit 4.10 test
完成后的項目結構圖：
2-3 JDBCUtil開發開發JDBCUtil工具類
獲取Connection，關閉Connection、Statement、ResultSet 注意事項：配置的屬性放置配置文件中，然后通過代碼的方式將配置文件中的數據加載進來即可。
代碼示例：
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.util;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具類：
* 1）獲取Connection
* 2）釋放資源
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
/**
* 獲取Connection
* @return 所獲得到的JDBC的Connection
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception{
/**
* 不建議大家把配置硬編碼到代碼中
* 最佳實踐：配置性的建議寫到配置文件中
* */
// String url = "jdbc:mysql:///springdata";
// String username = "root";
// String password = "root";
// String dirverClass = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(inputStream);
String url = properties.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = properties.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = properties.getProperty("jdbc.password");
String driverClass = properties.getProperty("jdbc.driverClass");
Class.forName(driverClass);
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
return connection;
}
/**
* 釋放DB相關資源
* @param resultSet
* @param statement
* @param connection
*/
public static void release(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement,Connection connection){
if(resultSet != null ){
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(statement != null ){
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(connection != null ){
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
2-4 Dao開發
建立對象模型及DAO層開發。
代碼演示：
1、對象模型
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.domain;
/**
* Student實體類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class Student {
/** 主鍵ID */
private Integer id;
/** 姓名 */
private String name;
/** 年齡 */
private int age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name="" + name + """ +
", age=" + age +
"}";
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
2、DAO接口
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.dao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.domain.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* StudentDAO訪問接口
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public interface StudentDao {
/**
* 獲取所有學生
* @return 所有學生
*/
List listStudent();
/**
* 添加一個學生
* @param student 待添加的學生
*/
void saveStudent(Student student);
}
3、DAO實現
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.dao.impl;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.dao.StudentDao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.domain.Student;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* StudentDAO訪問接口實現類：通過最原始的JDBC的方式操作
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
public List listStudent() {
List studentList = new ArrayList();
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
String sql = "select id,name,age from student";
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
while(resultSet.next()){
Integer id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
Integer age = resultSet.getInt("age");
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(id);
student.setName(name);
student.setAge(age);
studentList.add(student);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.release(resultSet,preparedStatement,connection);
}
return studentList;
}
public void saveStudent(Student student) {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
String sql = "insert into student(name,age) values(?,?)";
try {
connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1,student.getName());
preparedStatement.setInt(2,student.getAge());
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.release(resultSet,preparedStatement,connection);
}
}
}
4、單元測試
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.dao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbc.domain.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
/**
* StudentDao 單元測試類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class StudentDaoImplTest {
@Test
public void listStudentTest(){
StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDaoImpl();
List studentList = studentDao.listStudent();
for(Student student : studentList){
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
@Test
public void saveStudentTest(){
StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDaoImpl();
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("test");
student.setAge(30);
studentDao.saveStudent(student);
}
}
2-5 使用JdbcTemplate
Spring JdbcTemplate
添加maven依賴 DataSource & JdbcTemplate注入 Test Case
代碼演示：
1、創建DB配置文件
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///springdata jdbc.username = root jdbc.password = root jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
2、創建配置文件類
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 配置參數類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
@PropertySource(value="classpath:db.properties")
@Component
public class Properties {
@Value("${jdbc.driverClass}")
private String jdbcDriverClass;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String jdbcUrl;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String jdbcUser;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String jdbcPassword;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Properties{" +
"jdbcDriverClass="" + jdbcDriverClass + """ +
", jdbcUrl="" + jdbcUrl + """ +
", jdbcUser="" + jdbcUser + """ +
", jdbcPassword="" + jdbcPassword + """ +
"}";
}
public String getJdbcDriverClass() {
return jdbcDriverClass;
}
public String getJdbcUrl() {
return jdbcUrl;
}
public String getJdbcUser() {
return jdbcUser;
}
public String getJdbcPassword() {
return jdbcPassword;
}
}
3、配置DataSource、JdbcTemplate和Spring注解掃描
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
/**
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate")
public class SpringConfig {
@Autowired
private Properties properties;
@Bean
DriverManagerDataSource getDriverManagerDataSource(){
DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getJdbcDriverClass());
driverManagerDataSource.setUrl(properties.getJdbcUrl());
driverManagerDataSource.setUsername(properties.getJdbcUser());
driverManagerDataSource.setPassword(properties.getJdbcPassword());
return driverManagerDataSource;
}
@Bean
JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(){
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(getDriverManagerDataSource());
return jdbcTemplate;
}
}
4、編寫實體類
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.domain;
/**
* Student實體類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class Student {
/** 主鍵ID */
private Integer id;
/** 姓名 */
private String name;
/** 年齡 */
private int age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name="" + name + """ +
", age=" + age +
"}";
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
5、DAO接口
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.dao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.domain.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* StudentDAO訪問接口
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public interface StudentDao {
/**
* 獲取所有學生
* @return 所有學生
*/
List listStudent();
/**
* 添加一個學生
* @param student 待添加的學生
*/
void saveStudent(Student student);
}
6、DAO實現
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.dao.impl;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.dao.StudentDao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* StudentDAO訪問接口實現類：通過 JdbcTemplate 的方式操作
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
@Repository
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public List listStudent() {
List studentList = new ArrayList();
String sql = "select id, name, age from student";
List> mapList = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
for (Map mapTemp : mapList) {
Integer id = Integer.parseInt(mapTemp.get("id").toString());
String name = mapTemp.get("name").toString();
Integer age = Integer.parseInt(mapTemp.get("age").toString());
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(id);
student.setName(name);
student.setAge(age);
studentList.add(student);
}
return studentList;
}
public void saveStudent(Student student) {
String sql = "insert into student(name, age) value(?,?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,student.getName(),student.getAge());
}
}
7、單元測試類
package com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.config.SpringConfig;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.dao.StudentDao;
import com.myimooc.springdata.jdbctemplate.domain.Student;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 使用 JdbcTemplate 實現 StudentDao 單元測試類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
public class StudentDaoTest {
private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Before
public void init(){
ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
studentDao = ctx.getBean(StudentDao.class);
}
@After
public void destroy(){
ctx = null;
}
@Test
public void listStudentTest(){
List studentList = studentDao.listStudent();
for (Student student : studentList){
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
@Test
public void saveTest(){
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("test-spring-jdbcTemplate");
student.setAge(25);
studentDao.saveStudent(student);
}
}
2-6 弊端分析
弊端分析
DAO里面代碼量太多 DAO的實現有很多重復代碼 開發分頁和其它功能，需要重新進行封裝第三章：Spring Data快速入門 3-1 開發環境搭建
Spring Data JPA快速起步
開發環境搭建 Spring Data JPA HelloWorld開發
代碼演示：
1、創建DB配置文件
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql:///springdata jdbc.username = root jdbc.password = root jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
2、創建配置文件類
package com.myimooc.springdata.jpa.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
@PropertySource(value="classpath:db.properties")
@Component
public class PropertiesConfig {
@Value("${jdbc.driverClass}")
private String jdbcDriverClass;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String jdbcUrl;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String jdbcUser;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String jdbcPassword;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Properties{" +
"jdbcDriverClass="" + jdbcDriverClass + """ +
", jdbcUrl="" + jdbcUrl + """ +
", jdbcUser="" + jdbcUser + """ +
", jdbcPassword="" + jdbcPassword + """ +
"}";
}
public String getJdbcDriverClass() {
return jdbcDriverClass;
}
public String getJdbcUrl() {
return jdbcUrl;
}
public String getJdbcUser() {
return jdbcUser;
}
public String getJdbcPassword() {
return jdbcPassword;
}
}
3、配置TransactionManager、EntityManagerFactory和Spring自動掃描注入
package com.myimooc.springdata.jpa.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Spring配置類
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
// 聲明為配置類
@Configuration
// 啟用事務管理
@EnableTransactionManagement
// 啟用自動掃描繼承 JpaRepository 接口的類。
// 注意，此注解需要配置 entityManagerFactory 和 transactionManager
// 方式一：定義獲取Bean方法名為 entityManagerFactory 和 transactionManager
// 方式二：配置 @EnableJpaRepositories注解的 entityManagerFactoryRef 屬性 為自定義獲取Bean的方法名。
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.myimooc.springdata.jpa")
// 啟用自動掃描 @Component 注解的Bean
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.myimooc.springdata.jpa")
public class SpringConfig{
@Autowired
private PropertiesConfig propertiesConfig;
/**
* 配置數據源
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DriverManagerDataSource dataSource(){
DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(propertiesConfig.getJdbcDriverClass());
driverManagerDataSource.setUrl(propertiesConfig.getJdbcUrl());
driverManagerDataSource.setUsername(propertiesConfig.getJdbcUser());
driverManagerDataSource.setPassword(propertiesConfig.getJdbcPassword());
return driverManagerDataSource;
}
/**
* 配置事務管理器 JpaTransactionManager
* @return
*/
@Bean(name="transactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(){
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setDataSource(this.dataSource());
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(this.entityManagerFactory().getObject());
return transactionManager;
// return new DataSourceTransactionManager(this.dataSource());
// return new JpaTransactionManager(this.entityManagerFactory().getObject());
}
/**
* 配置JPA的 EntityManagerFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(){
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManagerFactory.setDataSource(dataSource());
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
jpaVendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(true);
jpaVendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.MYSQL);
entityManagerFactory.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter);
entityManagerFactory.setPackagesToScan("com.myimooc.springdata.jpa");
Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();
// jpaProperties.setProperty("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy","org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy");
jpaProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect","org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect");
jpaProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql","true");
jpaProperties.setProperty("hibernate.format_sql","true");
jpaProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto","update");
entityManagerFactory.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties);
return entityManagerFactory;
}
}
4、編寫實體類：Employee
package com.myimooc.springdata.jpa.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* 雇員：先開發實體類，然后自動生成實體表
* Created by ZC on 2017/4/24.
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "test_employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
@Column(length = 20)
private String name;
private Integer age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"id=" + id +
", name="" + name + """ +
", age=" + age +
"}";
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
3-2 起步程序開發
代碼演示：
1、編寫EmployeeRepository接口
