摘要:鑒于它還處在,如果不是著急使用,建議還是使用的,它是遵循規范的,使用起來更加方便。貌似要在版本才支持。揭秘讓支持協議如何啟用命令支持
序
本文主要研究下JEP 110: HTTP/2 Client (Incubator)
基本實例 sync get/** * --add-modules jdk.incubator.httpclient * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ @Test public void testGet() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException { HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("https://www.baidu.com")) .header("User-Agent", "jdk 9 http client") .GET() .build(); HttpResponsehttpResponse = httpClient.send(httpRequest, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString()); System.out.println(httpResponse.statusCode()); System.out.println(httpResponse.body()); }
由于jdk9模塊化了,junit這里沒有模塊化,需要在javac編譯時添加--add-modules jdk.incubator.httpclient,否則報錯如下:
Error:(3, 21) java: 程序包 jdk.incubator.http 不可見 (程序包 jdk.incubator.http 已在模塊 jdk.incubator.httpclient 中聲明, 但該模塊不在模塊圖中)
在java運行時也要添加--add-modules jdk.incubator.httpclient,否則報NoClassDefFoundError
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jdk/incubator/http/HttpResponse at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:3139) at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2266) at org.junit.internal.MethodSorter.getDeclaredMethods(MethodSorter.java:54) at org.junit.runners.model.TestClass.scanAnnotatedMembers(TestClass.java:65) at org.junit.runners.model.TestClass.async get(TestClass.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.createTestClass(ParentRunner.java:88) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner. (ParentRunner.java:83) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner. (BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:65) at org.junit.internal.builders.JUnit4Builder.runnerForClass(JUnit4Builder.java:10) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33) at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jdk.incubator.http.HttpResponse at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:582) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:185) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:496) ... 19 more
@Test public void testAsyncGet() throws URISyntaxException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException { HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("https://www.baidu.com")) .GET() .build(); CompletableFuturepost form> response = client.sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString()); response.whenComplete((resp,t) -> { if(t != null){ t.printStackTrace(); }else{ System.out.println(resp.body()); System.out.println(resp.statusCode()); } }).join(); }
@Test public void testPostForm() throws URISyntaxException { HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("http://www.w3school.com.cn/demo/demo_form.asp")) .header("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded") .POST(HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("name1=value1&name2=value2")) .build(); client.sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString()) .whenComplete((resp,t) -> { if(t != null){ t.printStackTrace(); }else{ System.out.println(resp.body()); System.out.println(resp.statusCode()); } }).join(); }HTTP/2 curl http2
安裝
brew install curl --with-nghttp2 ==> Installing dependencies for curl: jemalloc, nghttp2 ==> Installing curl dependency: jemalloc ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/jemalloc-5.0.1.sierra.bottl ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring jemalloc-5.0.1.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ? /usr/local/Cellar/jemalloc/5.0.1: 16 files, 1.6MB ==> Installing curl dependency: nghttp2 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/nghttp2-1.31.0.sierra.bottl ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring nghttp2-1.31.0.sierra.bottle.tar.gz ? /usr/local/Cellar/nghttp2/1.31.0: 33 files, 6.3MB ==> Installing curl --with-nghttp2 ==> Downloading https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.58.0.tar.bz2 ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> ./configure --disable-silent-rules --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/curl/7.58.0 -- ==> make install ==> Caveats This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local, because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in parallel can cause all kinds of trouble. If you need to have this software first in your PATH run: echo "export PATH="/usr/local/opt/curl/bin:$PATH"" >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find this software you may need to set: LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/curl/lib CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/curl/include For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set: PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/curl/lib/pkgconfig ==> Summary ? /usr/local/Cellar/curl/7.58.0: 415 files, 3MB, built in 2 minutes 37 seconds
檢查
curl -V curl 7.58.0 (x86_64-apple-darwin16.7.0) libcurl/7.58.0 OpenSSL/1.0.2n zlib/1.2.8 nghttp2/1.31.0 Release-Date: 2018-01-24 Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp Features: AsynchDNS IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP HTTP2 UnixSockets HTTPS-proxy
訪問
curl -I --http2 https://http2.akamai.com/demo HTTP/2 200 server: Apache etag: "07ce30bc53aa7834dff55f92a6d05a56:1466062139" last-modified: Thu, 16 Jun 2016 07:28:59 GMT accept-ranges: bytes content-length: 2421 content-type: text/html rtt: 186 ghost_ip: 23.193.143.145 ghost_service_ip: 107.14.44.207 client_real_ip: 210.21.215.42 client_ip: 210.21.215.42 myproto: h2 protocol_negotiation: h2 expires: Mon, 05 Mar 2018 01:15:17 GMT cache-control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store pragma: no-cache date: Mon, 05 Mar 2018 01:15:17 GMT accept-ch: DPR, Width, Viewport-Width, Downlink, Save-Data access-control-max-age: 86400 access-control-allow-credentials: false access-control-allow-headers: * access-control-allow-methods: GET,HEAD,POST access-control-allow-origin: * strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000 ; includeSubDomainsHTTP/2實例
@Test public void testHttp2() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException { HttpClient.newBuilder() .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.SECURE) .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2) .build() .sendAsync(HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(new URI("https://http2.akamai.com/demo")) .GET() .build(), HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString()) .whenComplete((resp,t) -> { if(t != null){ t.printStackTrace(); }else{ System.out.println(resp.body()); System.out.println(resp.statusCode()); } }).join(); }小結
jdk9的httpclient現在還在incubator中,最大的特性便是支持HTTP/2,當然也優化了httpclient的api,同時也支持了異步模式。鑒于它還處在incubator,如果不是著急使用HTTP/2,建議還是使用spring5的webclient,它是遵循reactive-streams規范的,使用起來更加方便。reactor-netty貌似要在0.9.0.RELEASE版本才支持HTTP/2。
docJDK 9 features
Getting Started With Java 9"s New HTTP Client
Java 9: The New HttpClient
Java 9 揭秘(14. HTTP/2 Client API)
讓 curl 支持 HTTP/2 協議
如何啟用curl命令HTTP2支持
Add Http2 support #104
Java 9: High level HTTP and WebSocket API
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