摘要：基礎一項目的創建和啟動項目容器是實際的項目包配置文件路由文件實用的命令行工具數據庫配置文件更改服務啟動新建項目方法一方法二和的區別一個項目下有多個一對多的關系配置注冊視圖函數視圖函數配置配置啟動項目對象是在這個模塊中是有創建官方文檔常

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /vagrant/
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/      #項目容器
├── devops     #是實際的python項目包
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py   #配置文件
│ ├── urls.py     #路由文件
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py     #實用的命令行工具
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ vim devops/devops/settings.py    #數據庫配置文件更改
DATABASES = {
   "default": {
       "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
       "NAME": "devops",
       "USER": "root",
       "PASSWORD": "123456",
       "HOST": "localhost",
       "PORT": 3306,
          "OPTIONS":{
           "init_command": "SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;",
           },
    }
}

服務啟動

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py runserver 0:8000

新建項目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard     #方法一
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ django-admin startapp dashboard1           #方法二

startproject和startapp的區別

一個項目下有多個app（一對多的關系）

配置url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
]

注冊app

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "dashboard"
]

視圖函數

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
#視圖函數
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("hello world")

配置app url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",index,name="index")
]

配置project url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^dashboard/",include("dashboard.urls"))
]

啟動項目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000

是在django.http這個模塊中

是有django創建

官方文檔docs

常用的屬性：

request.body     -----b""
request.scheme    -----http
request.path        ----  /dashboard/
request.method   --- GET
request.GET
request.POST
request.META

HttpResponse:返回字符串

JsonResponse:返回字典，注意safe=False是針對于列表類型

- GET
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")
- POST
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")

In [1]: from django.http import QueryDict                                                                  
In [2]: QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                                    
Out[2]: 
In [3]: q = QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                         
In [4]: QueryDict.fromkeys(["a","b","a"],value="val")                                                      
Out[4]: 
In [5]: q                                                                                                  
Out[5]: 
In [6]: q.dict()                                                                                           
Out[6]: {"aa": "bb", "cc": "xxx"}
In [7]: q.urlencode()                                                                                      
Out[7]: "aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx"

請求返回都在request.body中

視圖函數

def index_2(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print("request get =",request.GET)
        data = request.GET.copy()
        data["aa"] = "xxxxxx"
        print("data =",data)
        print("aa =",request.GET.get("aa"))       #取出單個值
        print("cc =",request.GET.getlist("cc"))   #取出多個值
    elif request.method == "POST":
        print("request post =",request.POST)
        print("aa =",request.POST.get("aa"))
        print("cc =",request.POST.getlist("cc"))

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        print("delete=",QueryDict(request.body))

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        print("put=",QueryDict(request.body))

    return HttpResponse("")

請求方式：

In [1]: import requests                                                                             
In [2]: url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/"    
In [3]: data = {}                                                                                         
In [4]: data["aa"] = "bb"                                                                              
In [5]: data["cc"] = ["dd","ee"]      
In [9]: requests.delete(url,data=data)                                                     Out[9]: 
In [10]: requests.put(url,data=data)                                                         Out[10]: 

用戶登錄練習

視圖函數

def login(request):
    msg = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        if username == "admin" and userpass == "123456":
            msg = "login success"
        else:
             msg = "login failed"
    else:
         msg = "請求方法不被允許！"
     returnHttpResponse(msg) 

post請求方法

In [11]: url = "http://192.168.33.10/login/"                                       
In [12]: data = {}                                                                                       
In [13]: data["username"] = "admin"                                                         
In [14]: data["userpass"] = "123456"   
In [16]: r = requests.post(url,data)  
In [18]: r.content.decode("utf8")  

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py dbshell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py showmigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
-----------------------------------創建用戶--------------------------------------
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User                                                        
In [2]: User.objects.create_user("wanghui","wanghui@qq.com","123456")      #創建普通用戶
In [3]: User.objects.create_superuser("admin","admin@qq.com","123456")                  #創建超級管理員

---------修改密碼-------------------------------------------------------

In [5]: u = User.objects.get(username="wanghui")                                                           
In [6]: u.set_password("654321")                                                                           
In [7]: u.save()       

---------刪除用戶----------------------------

步驟：
一個視圖

GET請求：展示登陸頁面
POST請求：執行用戶登陸
                   1. 接收用戶post過來的用戶名密碼
                    2. 驗證用戶名密碼
                    3. 返回結果

視圖函數

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def LoginView(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        # try:
        # User.objects.get(username=username)
        # except User.DoesNotExist:
        # return HttpResponse("用戶不存在！")
        user = authenticate(request,username=username,password=userpass)
        if user is not None:
            login(request,user)
            return HttpResponse("用戶登錄成功")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("用戶登錄失敗")
    return render(request, "login.html")

模板文件

    
    



    

        

            username
            
        
        

            password
            
        
        

            
        
    

路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.index,name="index"),
    url(r"^index2/$",views.index_1,name="index_1"),
    url(r"^login/$",views.loginv1,name="login"),
    url(r"^loginv2/$",views.LoginView,name="loginv2"),
]