摘要：本文內容爬取豆瓣電影頁面內容，字段包含排名，片名，導演，一句話描述有的為空，評分，評價人數，上映時間，上映國家，類別抓取數據存儲介紹爬蟲框架教程一入門創建項目創建爬蟲注意，爬蟲名不能和項目名一樣應對反爬策略的配置打開文件，將修改為。

爬取豆瓣電影Top250頁面內容，字段包含：
排名，片名，導演，一句話描述 有的為空，評分，評價人數，上映時間，上映國家，類別

抓取數據存儲

Scrapy爬蟲框架教程（一）-- Scrapy入門

scrapy startproject dbmovie

cd dbmoive
scarpy genspider dbmovie_spider movie.douban.com/top250

注意，爬蟲名不能和項目名一樣

打開settings.py文件，將ROBOTSTXT_OBEY修改為False。

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

修改User-Agent

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Language": "en",
    "Accept-Encoding" :  "gzip, deflate, br",
    "Cache-Control" :  "max-age=0",
    "Connection" :  "keep-alive",
    "Host" :  "movie.douban.com",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests" :  "1",
    "User-Agent" :  "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36",
}

scrapy crawl dbmovie_spider

根據前面的分析，我們需要抓取一共十個字段的信息，現在在items.py文件中定義item

import scrapy

class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 排名
    ranking = scrapy.Field()
    # 篇名 
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 導演
    director = scrapy.Field()
    # 一句話描述 有的為空
    movie_desc = scrapy.Field()
    # 評分
    rating_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 評價人數
    people_count = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映時間
    online_date = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映國家
    country = scrapy.Field()
    # 類別
    category = scrapy.Field()

這里需要用到xpath相關知識，偷了個懶，直接用chrome插件獲取
Chrome瀏覽器獲取XPATH的方法----通過開發者工具獲取

def parse(self, response):
    item = DoubanItem()
    movies = response.xpath("http://div[@class="item"]")
    for movie in movies:
        # 名次
        item["ranking"] = movie.xpath("div[@class="pic"]/em/text()").extract()[0]
        # 片名 提取多個片名
        titles = movie.xpath("div[@class="info"]/div[1]/a/span/text()").extract()[0]
        item["title"] = titles
        # 獲取導演信息
        info_director = movie.xpath("div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[1]").extract()[0].replace("
", "").replace(" ", "").split("xa0")[0]
        item["director"] = info_director
        # 上映日期
        online_date = movie.xpath("div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].replace("
", "").replace("xa0", "").split("/")[0].replace(" ", "")
        # 制片國家
        country = movie.xpath("div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].replace("
", "").split("/")[1].replace("xa0", "")
        # 影片類型
        category = movie.xpath("div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].replace("
", "").split("/")[2].replace("xa0", "").replace(" ", "")
        item["online_date"] = online_date
        item["country"] = country
        item["category"] = category
        movie_desc = movie.xpath("div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/p[@class="quote"]/span/text()").extract()
        if len(movie_desc) != 0:  # 判斷info的值是否為空，不進行這一步有的電影信息并沒有會報錯或數據不全
            item["movie_desc"] = movie_desc
        else:
            item["movie_desc"] = " "

        item["rating_num"] = movie.xpath("div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()").extract()[0]
        item["people_count"] = movie.xpath("div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[4]/text()").extract()[0]
        yield item
    # 獲取下一頁
    next_url = response.xpath("http://span[@class="next"]/a/@href").extract()
    
    if next_url:
        next_url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250" + next_url[0]
        yield scrapy.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse, dont_filter=True)

注意1064錯誤，表中字段包含mysql關鍵字導致
Scrapy入門教程之寫入數據庫

import pymysql

def dbHandle():
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host="localhost",
        user="root",
        passwd="pwd",
        db="dbmovie",
        charset="utf8",
        use_unicode=False
    )
    return conn

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dbObject = dbHandle()
        cursor = dbObject.cursor()
        sql = "insert into db_info(ranking,title,director,movie_desc,rating_num,people_count,online_date,country,category) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"

        try:
            cursor.execute(sql, (item["ranking"], item["title"], item["director"], item["movie_desc"], item["rating_num"], item["people_count"], item["online_date"], item["country"], item["category"]))
            dbObject.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            dbObject.rollback()

        return item

Scrapy爬蟲——突破反爬蟲最全策略解析