摘要：本文主要介紹了在框架中使用實現(xiàn)簡單服務(wù)器的過程。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信中，需要發(fā)送二進制流數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)負責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)組包，即將數(shù)據(jù)按照規(guī)定的傳輸協(xié)議組合起來函數(shù)負責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)拆包，即按照規(guī)定的協(xié)議將數(shù)據(jù)拆分開來。不多說，具體實現(xiàn)代碼咱們來看一下。

本文主要介紹了在tornado框架中,使用tcpserver,tcpclient,struct.pack(),struct.unpack實現(xiàn)簡單echo服務(wù)器的過程。

在網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信中，需要發(fā)送二進制流數(shù)據(jù)；struct.pack()函數(shù)負責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)組包，即將數(shù)據(jù)按照規(guī)定的傳輸協(xié)議組合起來；struct.unpack()函數(shù)負責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)拆包，即按照規(guī)定的協(xié)議將數(shù)據(jù)拆分開來。

不多說，具體實現(xiàn)代碼咱們來看一下。

tcp客戶端代碼如下:

# coding=utf-8


import struct
import logging

from tornado import ioloop, gen
from tornado.tcpclient import TCPClient


"""
tcpclient-struct.pack()組包
發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)包格式:消息頭+消息體
消息頭:消息發(fā)送者(4字節(jié))+消息接收者(4字節(jié))+消息類型(1字節(jié))+消息體中數(shù)據(jù)長度(4字節(jié))
消息體:待發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
struct.unpack()拆包
接收數(shù)據(jù)包格式:消息頭+消息體
消息頭:消息發(fā)送者(4字節(jié))+消息類型(1字節(jié))+消息體中數(shù)據(jù)長度(4字節(jié))
消息體:待接收數(shù)據(jù)
"""


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class ChatClient(object):
    def __init__(self, host, port):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port

    @gen.coroutine
    def start(self):
        self.stream = yield TCPClient().connect(self.host, self.port)
        while True:
            yield self.send_message()
            yield self.receive_message()

    @gen.coroutine
    def send_message(self):
        # 待發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
        msg = input("輸入:")
        bytes_msg = bytes(msg.encode("utf-8"))
        # 消息發(fā)送者
        chat_id = 10000000
        # 消息接收者
        receive_id = 10000001
        # 消息類型 1-文本 2-圖片 3-語音 4-視頻 等
        msg_type = 1

        binary_msg = struct.pack("!IIBI"+str(len(msg))+"s", chat_id, receive_id, msg_type, len(msg), bytes_msg)
        # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
        yield self.stream.write(binary_msg)

    @gen.coroutine
    def receive_message(self):
        """
        接收數(shù)據(jù)
        :return:
        """
        try:
            logger.debug("receive data ...")
            # 消息發(fā)送者 4字節(jié)
            sender = yield self.stream.read_bytes(4, partial=True)
            sender = struct.unpack("!I", sender)[0]
            logger.debug("sender:%s", sender)

            # 消息類型 1字節(jié)
            msg_type = yield self.stream.read_bytes(1, partial=True)
            msg_type = struct.unpack("!B", msg_type)[0]
            logger.debug("msg_type:%s", msg_type)

            # 消息長度 4字節(jié)
            msg_len = yield self.stream.read_bytes(4, partial=True)
            msg_len = struct.unpack("!I", msg_len)[0]
            logger.debug("msg_len:%s", msg_len)

            # 真實數(shù)據(jù)
            data = yield self.stream.read_bytes(msg_len, partial=True)
            data = struct.unpack("!" + str(msg_len) + "s", data)
            logger.debug("data:%s", data)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("tcp client exception:%s", e)


def main():
    c1 = ChatClient("127.0.0.1", 8888)
    c1.start()
    ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
    
    
    

tcp服務(wù)端代碼:

# coding=utf-8


import struct
import logging

from tornado.tcpserver import TCPServer
from tornado.netutil import bind_sockets
from tornado.iostream import StreamClosedError
from tornado import gen
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop


"""
tcpserver-struct.unpack()拆包
接收數(shù)據(jù)包格式:消息頭+消息體
消息頭:消息發(fā)送者(4字節(jié))+消息接收者(4字節(jié))+消息類型(1字節(jié))+消息體中數(shù)據(jù)長度(4字節(jié))
消息體:待接收數(shù)據(jù)
struct.pack()組包
轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包格式:消息頭+消息體
消息頭:消息發(fā)送者(4字節(jié))+消息類型(1字節(jié))+消息體中數(shù)據(jù)長度(4字節(jié))
消息體:待發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
"""


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class ChatServer(TCPServer):

    PORT = 8888
    clients = dict()

    @gen.coroutine
    def handle_stream(self, stream, address):
        """
        數(shù)據(jù)拆包并解析
        :param stream:
        :param address:
        :return:
        """
        logger.debug("%s已上線", address)
        ChatServer.clients[address] = stream
        while True:
            try:
                # !表示使用大端方式解析數(shù)據(jù)
                # 消息發(fā)送者 4字節(jié)
                sender = yield stream.read_bytes(4, partial=True)
                sender = struct.unpack("!I", sender)[0]
                logger.debug("sender:%s", sender)

                # 消息接收者 4字節(jié)
                receiver = yield stream.read_bytes(4, partial=True)
                receiver = struct.unpack("!I", receiver)[0]
                logger.debug("receiver:%s", receiver)

                # 消息類型 1字節(jié)
                msg_type = yield stream.read_bytes(1, partial=True)
                msg_type = struct.unpack("!B", msg_type)[0]
                logger.debug("msg_type:%s", msg_type)

                # 消息長度 4字節(jié)
                msg_len = yield stream.read_bytes(4, partial=True)
                msg_len = struct.unpack("!I", msg_len)[0]
                logger.debug("msg_len:%s", msg_len)

                if msg_type == 1:
                    # 文本信息處理
                    logger.debug("text message ...")
                    self.handle_text_stream(stream, sender, msg_len)
                elif msg_type == 2:
                    logger.debug("picture message ...")
                    self.handle_pic_stream(stream, sender, msg_len)

            except StreamClosedError:
                logger.debug("%s已下線", address)
                del ChatServer.clients[address]
                break

    @gen.coroutine
    def handle_text_stream(self, stream, sender, msg_len):
        """
        處理文本數(shù)據(jù)
        :param stream:
        :param send_to:
        :param msg_len:
        :return:
        """
        data = yield stream.read_bytes(msg_len, partial=True)
        data = struct.unpack("!"+str(msg_len)+"s", data)
        logger.debug("data:%s", data)
        try:
            # 打包數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)格式:數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送者+數(shù)據(jù)類型+數(shù)據(jù)長度+數(shù)據(jù)體
            binary_msg = struct.pack("!IBI" + str(msg_len) + "s", sender, 1, msg_len, data[0])
            # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
            yield stream.write(binary_msg)
            logger.debug("="*25)
        except KeyError:
            # 將離線消息保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫
            pass

    @gen.coroutine
    def handle_pic_stream(self, stream, sender, msg_len):
        pass


if __name__ == "__main__":
    sockets = bind_sockets(ChatServer.PORT)
    server = ChatServer()
    server.add_sockets(sockets)
    IOLoop.current().start()
    

以上就是具體的代碼實現(xiàn)，如有錯誤，歡迎大家與我交流指正，謝謝！