比 man 更強悍的命令行工具 cheat

Achilles 發布于2019-07-31 10:38 / 2349人閱讀

摘要：經常使用命令行，比如測試接口響應時間奈何命令行參數太多，記不住怎么辦這時候你需要個男人，它就是男人的確很強悍，給出了這么多提示，但沒有我真正想要的。。。就是這個更強壯的男人，它一個命令行工具，直接使用來安裝。

經常使用命令行，比如 curl 測試接口響應時間

for i in {1..10};do curl -o /dev/null -s   -w "$i | time_namelookup: %{time_namelookup} | time_connect: %{time_connect} | time_starttransfer: %{time_starttransfer} | time_total: %{time_total}
" "http://httpbin.org/ip";done

1 | time_namelookup: 0.016000 | time_connect: 0.016000 | time_starttransfer: 0.125000 | time_total: 0.141000
2 | time_namelookup: 0.016000 | time_connect: 0.016000 | time_starttransfer: 0.094000 | time_total: 0.109000
3 | time_namelookup: 0.016000 | time_connect: 0.031000 | time_starttransfer: 0.109000 | time_total: 0.109000
4 | time_namelookup: 0.015000 | time_connect: 0.031000 | time_starttransfer: 0.109000 | time_total: 0.109000
5 | time_namelookup: 0.031000 | time_connect: 0.031000 | time_starttransfer: 0.109000 | time_total: 0.109000
6 | time_namelookup: 0.016000 | time_connect: 0.016000 | time_starttransfer: 0.094000 | time_total: 0.109000
7 | time_namelookup: 0.016000 | time_connect: 0.016000 | time_starttransfer: 0.125000 | time_total: 0.125000
8 | time_namelookup: 0.000001 | time_connect: 0.016000 | time_starttransfer: 0.141000 | time_total: 0.141000
9 | time_namelookup: 0.015000 | time_connect: 0.015000 | time_starttransfer: 0.093000 | time_total: 0.109000
10 | time_namelookup: 0.000001 | time_connect: 0.015000 | time_starttransfer: 0.109000 | time_total: 0.125000

奈何命令行參數太多，記不住怎么辦？這時候你需要個男人，它就是 man

man

#man curl 
curl(1)                                      Curl Manual                                     curl(1)

NAME
       curl - transfer a URL

SYNOPSIS
       curl [options] [URL...]

DESCRIPTION
       curl  is  a  tool  to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols
       (DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP,  LDAPS,  POP3,  POP3S,  RTMP,
       RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP).  The command is designed to work without user
       interaction.

       curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authentication,  FTP  upload,
       HTTP  post,  SSL  connections, cookies, file transfer resume, Metalink, and more. As you will
       see below, the number of features will make your head spin!

       curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See libcurl(3) for details.

URL
       The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You"ll find a detailed description in RFC 3986.

       You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets within braces as in:

        http://site.{one,two,three}.com

       or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:

        ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt
        ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt    (with leading zeros)
        ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt

男人的確很強悍，給出了這么多提示，但沒有我真正想要的。。。還是不知道怎么用。

相信你在技術文章里經常會看到 TL;DR 即Too Long; Didn’t Read. 太長不看， man curl 的內容就是太長了，我不看。

就是這個更強壯的男人 tldr，它一個命令行工具，直接使用 npm install -g tldr 來安裝。

tldr

[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]# npm install -g tldr
/usr/local/n/versions/node/11.4.0/bin/tldr -> /usr/local/n/versions/node/11.4.0/lib/node_modules/tldr/bin/tldr
+ tldr@3.2.7
added 113 packages from 103 contributors in 60.759s


   ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
   │                                                               │
   │       New minor version of npm available! 6.4.1 → 6.9.0       │
   │   Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v6.9.0   │
   │               Run npm install -g npm to update!               │
   │                                                               │
   ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

安裝完后先看看 tldr 自己怎么用吧。

$ tldr tldr

  tldr

  Simplified man pages.
  More information: .

  - Get typical usages of a command (hint: this is how you got here!):
    tldr command

  - Show the tar tldr page for linux:
    tldr -p linux tar

  - Get help for a git subcommand:
    tldr git checkout

小試牛刀下

$ tldr -p linux tar

  tar

  Archiving utility.
  Often combined with a compression method, such as gzip or bzip.
  More information: .

  - Create an archive from files:
    tar -cf target.tar file1 file2 file3

  - Create a gzipped archive:
    tar -czf target.tar.gz file1 file2 file3

  - Extract an archive in a target directory:
    tar -xf source.tar -C directory

  - Extract a gzipped archive in the current directory:
    tar -xzf source.tar.gz

  - Extract a bzipped archive in the current directory:
    tar -xjf source.tar.bz2

  - Create a compressed archive, using archive suffix to determine the compression program:
    tar -caf target.tar.xz file1 file2 file3

  - List the contents of a tar file:
    tar -tvf source.tar

  - Extract files matching a pattern:
    tar -xf source.tar --wildcards "*.html"

嗯，很簡潔，直接給出了tar需要的參數，再來看curl

λ tldr curl

  curl

  Transfers data from or to a server.
  Supports most protocols, including HTTP, FTP, and POP3.

  - Download the contents of an URL to a file:
    curl http://example.com -o filename

  - Download a file, saving the output under the filename indicated by the URL:
    curl -O http://example.com/filename

  - Download a file, following [L]ocation redirects, and automatically [C]ontinuing (resuming) a previous file transfer:
    curl -O -L -C - http://example.com/filename

  - Send form-encoded data (POST request of type application/x-www-form-urlencoded):
    curl -d "name=bob" http://example.com/form

  - Send a request with an extra header, using a custom HTTP method:
    curl -H "X-My-Header: 123" -X PUT http://example.com

  - Send data in JSON format, specifying the appropriate content-type header:
    curl -d "{"name":"bob"}" -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://example.com/users/1234

  - Pass a user name and password for server authentication:
    curl -u myusername:mypassword http://example.com

  - Pass client certificate and key for a resource, skipping certificate validation:
    curl --cert client.pem --key key.pem --insecure https://example.com

這個男人果然更強悍，常用的curl命令都包括了，我喜歡。

除了自帶的命令，安裝的命令也可以

[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]# tldr python

  python

  Python language interpreter.
  More information: https://www.python.org.

  - Call a Python interactive shell (REPL):
    python

  - Execute script in a given Python file:
    python script.py

  - Execute script as part of an interactive shell:
    python -i script.py

  - Execute a Python expression:
    python -c "expression"

  - Run library module as a script (terminates option list):
    python -m module arguments

  - Interactively debug a Python script:
    python -m pdb script.py

除了node 還有其他版本 https://github.com/tldr-pages...
比如Python，直接pip install tldr安裝

如果你不想安裝tldr,也可以直接使用網頁在線查看https://tldr.sh/

有了tldr,媽媽再也不用擔心我記不住命令行參數了，還有沒有比 tldr更強悍的男人呢，有，比如cheat https://github.com/cheat/cheat? 直接使用pip install cheat安裝。

cheat

看看 cheat 怎么用吧

$ cheat cheat
# To see example usage of a program:
cheat 

# To edit a cheatsheet
cheat -e 

# To list available cheatsheets
cheat -l

# To search available cheatsheets
cheat -s 

# To get the current `cheat" version
cheat -v

試試 curl

$ cheat curl
# Download a single file
curl http://path.to.the/file

# Download a file and specify a new filename
curl http://example.com/file.zip -o new_file.zip

# Download multiple files
curl -O URLOfFirstFile -O URLOfSecondFile

# Download all sequentially numbered files (1-24)
curl http://example.com/pic[1-24].jpg

# Download a file and pass HTTP Authentication
curl -u username:password URL

# Download a file with a Proxy
curl -x proxysever.server.com:PORT http://addressiwantto.access

# Download a file from FTP
curl -u username:password -O ftp://example.com/pub/file.zip

# Get an FTP directory listing
curl ftp://username:password@example.com

# Resume a previously failed download
curl -C - -o partial_file.zip http://example.com/file.zip

# Fetch only the HTTP headers from a response
curl -I http://example.com

# Fetch your external IP and network info as JSON
curl http://ifconfig.me/all/json

# Limit the rate of a download
curl --limit-rate 1000B -O http://path.to.the/file

# Get your global IP
curl httpbin.org/ip

# Get only the HTTP status code
curl -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}
" -s -I URL

$ cheat python
# Desc: Python is a high-level programming language.

# Basic example of server with python
# Will start a Web Server in the current directory on port 8000
# go to http://127.0.0.1:8000

# Python v2.7
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
# Python 3
python -m http.server 8000

# SMTP-Server for debugging, messages will be discarded, and printed on stdout.
python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025

# Pretty print a json
python -mjson.tool

比tldr更詳細，如果你也不想安裝可以直接使用curl

cht.sh

[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]# curl cht.sh/curl
# Download a single file
curl http://path.to.the/file

# Download a file and specify a new filename
curl http://example.com/file.zip -o new_file.zip

# Download multiple files
curl -O URLOfFirstFile -O URLOfSecondFile

# Download all sequentially numbered files (1-24)
curl http://example.com/pic[1-24].jpg

# Download a file and follow redirects
curl -L http://example.com/file

# Download a file and pass HTTP Authentication
curl -u username:password URL

# Download a file with a Proxy
curl -x proxysever.server.com:PORT http://addressiwantto.access

# Download a file from FTP
curl -u username:password -O ftp://example.com/pub/file.zip

# Get an FTP directory listing
curl ftp://username:password@example.com

# Resume a previously failed download
curl -C - -o partial_file.zip http://example.com/file.zip

# Fetch only the HTTP headers from a response
curl -I http://example.com

# Fetch your external IP and network info as JSON
curl http://ifconfig.me/all/json

# Limit the rate of a download
curl --limit-rate 1000B -O http://path.to.the/file

# POST to a form
curl -F "name=user" -F "password=test" http://example.com

# POST JSON Data
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d "{"user":"bob","pass":"123"}" http://example.com

# POST data from the standard in / share data on sprunge.us
curl -F "sprunge=<-" sprunge.us

看看Python的requests怎么用

[root@VM_0_14_centos ~]# curl cheat.sh/python/requests
#  python-requests: Limit Number of Redirects Followed
#
#  You have to create Session (http://www.python-
#  requests.org/en/latest/api/requests.Session) object and set
#  max_redirects variable to 3

session = requests.Session()
session.max_redirects = 3
session.get(url)

#  TooManyRedirects exception will be raised if a requests exceeds
#  maximum number of redirects.
#
#  Related github issue discussing why you can not set max_redirects per
#  request https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/issues/1300
#
#  [Alik] [so/q/31552627] [cc by-sa 3.0]

它也有網頁版 http://cht.sh/curl

有了tldr和cheat，再也不用記那么多命令行參數了。

win下我執行命令行的工具是cmder，如果你用的win10，可以嘗試下微軟最新發布的Terminal https://github.com/microsoft/...

資源

微軟最爽命令行工具
Linux命令大全搜索工具
Linux工具快速教程
有趣的Linux命令行工具
命令行的藝術
假裝很忙的三個命令行工具
28個UNIX/LINUX的命令行神器
命令行工具
PHPer 必知必會的 Linux 命令

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