Django基礎之（十一）DRF不同版本的視圖集演變

neuSnail 發布于2019-07-30 18:36 / 1135人閱讀

摘要：將資源連接到視圖和的約定可以使用類自動處理。視圖視圖集之間的權衡使用視圖集可以是一個非常有用的抽象。這并不意味著采用視圖集總是正確的方法。在使用基于類的視圖而不是基于函數的視圖時，有一個類似的權衡要考慮。

視圖集 簡介

REST框架包括一個用于處理ViewSets的抽象，它允許開發人員集中精力對API的狀態和交互進行建模，并根據常規約定自動處理URL構造。

ViewSet類與View類幾乎相同，不同之處在于它們提供諸如read或update之類的操作，而不是get或put等方法處理程序

ViewSet類只綁定到一組方法處理程序，當它被實例化成一組視圖的時候，通常通過使用一個Router類來處理自己定義URL conf的復雜性。

路由器

因為我們使用的是ViewSet類而不是View類，我們實際上不需要自己設計URL。將資源連接到視圖和url的約定可以使用Router類自動處理。我們需要做的就是使用路由器注冊相應的視圖集，然后讓它執行其余操作。

視圖vs視圖集之間的權衡

使用視圖集可以是一個非常有用的抽象。它有助于確保URL約定在你的API中保持一致，最大限度地減少編寫所需的代碼量，讓你能夠專注于API提供的交互和表示，而不是URLconf的細節。

這并不意味著采用視圖集總是正確的方法。在使用基于類的視圖而不是基于函數的視圖時，有一個類似的權衡要考慮。使用視圖集不像多帶帶構建視圖那樣明確。

不同的版本演練 版本一

idc/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.idc_detail),
]

models.py

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Idc(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("IDC名稱",max_length=128,blank=False,null=True)
    address = models.CharField("IDC地址",max_length=200,default="")
    phone = models.CharField("IDC聯系電話",max_length=20,null=True)
    email = models.EmailField("IDC郵箱")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = "idc"

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc

class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name = serializers.CharField(required=False)
    address = serializers.CharField(required=False)
    phone = serializers.CharField(required=False)
    email = serializers.EmailField(required=False)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.name = validated_data.get("name",instance.name)
        instance.address = validated_data.get("address",instance.address)
        instance.phone = validated_data.get("phone",instance.phone)
        instance.email = validated_data.get("email",instance.email)
        instance.save()
        return instance

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Idc.objects.create(**validated_data)

views.py

from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse

class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
    def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
        kwargs.setdefault("content_type", "application/json")
        content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
        super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)

def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
    if request.method == "GET":
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
        # content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
        # return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
            return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")

def idc_detail(request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
    try:
        idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Idc.DoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse(status=404)

    if request.method == "GET":
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=content)    #這里要注意傳入instance（idc）否則就是創建操作
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        idc.delete()
        return HttpResponse(status=204)

版本二

基于rest_framework下的：Response方法，status定義和api_view裝飾器

idc/urls.py

## 版本二
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.api_root),
    url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list_v2,name="idc-list"),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.idc_detail_v2,name="idc-detail"),
]
urlpatterns=format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

idc/views.py

### 版本二
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view

@api_view(["GET","POST"])
def idc_list_v2(request,*args,**kwargs):
    if request.method == "GET":
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

@api_view(["GET","POST","PUT","DELETE"])
def idc_detail_v2(request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
    try:
        idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Idc.DoesNotExist:
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    if request.method == "GET":
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        idc.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
@api_view(["GET"])
def api_root(request,format=None,*args,**kwargs):
    return Response({
        "idcs":reverse("idc-list",request=request,format=format)
    })

測試：

瀏覽器打開：http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/ 即可

版本三

基于類視圖的版本，要注意接受提交數據用的是request.data

idc/urls.py

###版本三
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.api_root),
    url(r"idcs/$",views.IdcListView.as_view,name="idc-list"),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.IdcDetailView.as_view,name="idc-detail"),
]
urlpatterns=format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

idc/views.py

### 版本三
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import Http404

class IdcListView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,format=None):
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self,request,format=None):
        #content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data) #request.data獲取請求參數
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

class IdcDetailView(APIView):
    def get_obj(self,pk):
        try:
            return Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except Idc.DoesNotExist:
            raise Http404

    def get(self,request,pk,format=None):
        idc = self.get_obj(pk)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def put(self,request,pk,format=None):
        idc = self.get_obj(pk)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def delete(self,request,pk,format=None):
        idc = self.get_obj(pk)
        idc.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

版本四

idc/urls.py

###版本四
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.api_root),
    url(r"idcs/$",views.IdcList_V4.as_view(),name="idc-list"),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.IdcDetail_V4.as_view(),name="idc-detail"),
]
urlpatterns=format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

views.py

###版本四
from rest_framework import mixins,generics

class IdcList_V4(generics.GenericAPIView,
                 mixins.ListModelMixin,
                 mixins.CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)

class IdcDetail_V4(generics.GenericAPIView,
                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)

版本五

urls.py

###版本五
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.api_root),
    url(r"idcs/$",views.IdcList_V5.as_view(),name="idc-list"),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.IdcDetail_V5.as_view(),name="idc-detail"),
]
urlpatterns=format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

views.py

### 版本五
class IdcList_V5(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

class IdcDetail_V5(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

版本六

urls.py

## 版本六
idc_list = views.IdcViewSet.as_view({
    "get":"list",
    "post":"create"
})
idc_detail = views.IdcViewSet.as_view({
    "get":"retrieve",
    "put":"update",
    "delete":"destroy"
})
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.api_root),
    url(r"idcs/$",idc_list,name="idc-list"),
    url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",idc_detail,name="idc-detail"),
]
urlpatterns=format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

views.py

####版本六
from rest_framework import viewsets
class IdcViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet,
                 mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                 mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                 mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                 mixins.ListModelMixin,
                 mixins.CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

版本七

urls.py

###版本七
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register("idcs",views.IdcViewSet_V7) #自動適配，字啊需要加的話就直接加
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^",include(router.urls))
]

views.py

### 版本七
class IdcViewSet_V7(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

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