摘要：基礎之二簡介官方文檔安裝與配置安裝配置重新創建數據庫并配置新建一個的將座位，并做配置加入環境變量定義好主備路由主路由項目路由創建名稱地址聯系電話郵箱創建數據庫同步生成數據北京機房北京市酒仙橋北京機房上海機房上海上
DRF基礎之二
簡介
官方文檔
Requirements
REST framework requires the following:
Python (2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7)
Django (1.11, 2.0, 2.1)
The following packages are optional:
coreapi (1.32.0+) - Schema generation support.
Markdown (2.1.0+) - Markdown support for the browsable API.
django-filter (1.0.1+) - Filtering support.
django-crispy-forms - Improved HTML display for filtering.
django-guardian (1.1.1+) - Object level permissions support
安裝與配置
安裝
pip3 install djangorestframework
pip3 install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip3 install django-filter # Filtering support
配置
django-admin startproject devops
vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
"rest_framework‘
)
# 重新創建數據庫day4,并配置vim devops/settings.py
DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
"NAME": "day4",
"USER": "root",
"PASSWORD": "123456",
"HOST": "localhost",
"PORT": 3306,
"OPTIONS": {
"init_command": "SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;",
},
}
}
新建一個idc的app
mkdir apps
django-admin startapp idc
mv idc apps
touch apps/__init__.py
將apps座位mainPath，并做配置
加入settings.py環境變量
import sys
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
"rest_framework",
"idc.apps.IdcConfig"
]
定義好主備路由
- 主路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
url(r"^",include("idc.urls"))
]
- 項目路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list)
]
創建idc/models.py
from django.db import models
class Idc(models.Model):
name = models.CharField("IDC名稱",max_length=128,blank=False,null=True)
address = models.CharField("IDC地址",max_length=200,default="")
phone = models.CharField("IDC聯系電話",max_length=20,null=True)
email = models.EmailField("IDC郵箱")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
db_table = "idc"
創建idc/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc
class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
name = serializers.CharField()
address = serializers.CharField()
phone = serializers.CharField()
email = serializers.EmailField()
數據庫同步&生成數據
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from idc.models import Idc
In [2]: idc = Idc()
In [3]: idc.name = "北京機房"
In [4]: idc.address = "北京市酒仙橋"
In [5]: idc.phone = "123990131"
In [6]: idc.email = "beijing@idc.com"
In [7]: idc.save()
In [8]: idc
Out[8]:
In [10]: data = {"name":"上海機房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"} In [11]:
In [11]: data
Out[11]:
{"name": "上海機房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
In [12]: idc = Idc(**data)
In [13]: idc.save()
In [14]: Idc.objects.all()
Out[14]: , ]>
In [15]: idc
Out[15]:
In [16]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer
In [17]: serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
In [18]: serializer
Out[18]:
IdcSerializer():
id = IntegerField()
name = CharField()
address = CharField()
phone = CharField()
email = EmailField()
In [19]: serializer.data
Out[19]: {"id": 2, "name": "上海機房", "address": "上海", "phone": "90909931", "email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
會出錯的地方
In [21]: import json
In [22]: json.dumps(serializer.data)
Out[22]: "{"id": 2, "name": "u4e0au6d77u673au623f", "address": "u4e0au6d77", "phone": "90909931", "email": "shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [23]: from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
In [24]: content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
In [25]: content #獲取到瀏覽器的數據
Out[25]: b"{"id":2,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [26]: from django.utils.six import BytesIO
In [27]: stream = BytesIO(content) #將獲取的數據轉換成一個流
In [28]: from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
In [29]: data = JSONParser().parse(stream) #將數據轉換成dict
In [30]: data
Out[30]:
{"id": 2,
"name": "上海機房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
新創建數據并測試
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc
class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
name = serializers.CharField()
address = serializers.CharField()
phone = serializers.CharField()
email = serializers.EmailField()
def create(self, validated_data):
return Idc.objects.create(**validated_data)
測試：
In [1]: data = {"name":"上海機房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}
In [2]: data
Out[2]:
{"name": "上海機房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
In [3]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer
In [4]: idc = IdcSerializer(data=data)
In [5]: idc.is_valid()
Out[5]: True
In [6]: idc.save()
Out[6]:
處理queryset
In [7]: from idc.models import Idc
In [8]: Idc.objects.all()
Out[8]: , , ]>
In [9]: queryset = Idc.objects.all()
In [10]: IdcSerializer(queryset)
In [15]: ser = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True) #many=False是要單個數據
In [16]: ser.data
Out[16]: [OrderedDict([("id", 1), ("name", "北京機房"), ("address", "北京市酒仙橋"), ("phone", "123990131"), ("email", "beijing@idc.com")]), OrderedDict([("id", 2), ("name", "上海機房"), ("address", "上海"), ("phone", "90909931"), ("email", "shanghai@idc.com")]), OrderedDict([("id", 3), ("name", "上海機房"), ("address", "上海"), ("phone", "90909931"), ("email", "shanghai@idc.com")])]
序列化模型
model obj ==== > JSON
反序列化模型
http提交的數據 ==== > JSON =====> obj(model obj)
創建idc/views.py
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("content_type", "application/json")
content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)
def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method == "GET":
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
# content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
# return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")
測試
In [17]: import requests
In [18]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/"
In [19]: data = {"name":"上海機房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}
In [20]: requests.post(url,data)
Out[20]:
In [21]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)
In [22]: r.status_code
Out[22]: 500
In [23]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)
In [24]: r.status_code
Out[24]: 200
In [25]: r.content
Out[25]: b"{"id":5,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
詳情相關的數據
idc/urls.py：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list),
url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.idc_detail),
]
views.py
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("content_type", "application/json")
content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)
def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method == "GET":
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
# content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
# return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")
def idc_detail(request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
try:
idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Idc.DoesNotExist:
return HttpResponse(status=404)
if request.method == "GET":
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "PUT":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "DELETE":
idc.delete()
return HttpResponse(status=204)
測試：
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/2/"
In [3]: requests.get(url)
Out[3]:
In [4]: requests.get(url).content
Out[4]: b"{"id":2,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [5]: requests.delete(url)
Out[5]:
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ curl -s -X PUT -d "{"name":"wanghui"}" http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/1/ #更新操作
{"id":1,"name":"wanghui","address":"北京市酒仙橋","phone":"123990131","email":"beijing@idc.com"}[vagrant@localhost ~]$
