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摘要：容器化容器化之多容器應用部署容器化部署引言上兩節我們通過簡單的學習了的基本操作。基于當前項目構建的容器服務，依賴于服務。最后，使用綜合完成了容器化部署。參考資料容器化容器化之多容器應用部署
.NET Core容器化@Docker1. 引言
.NET Core容器化之多容器應用部署@Docker-Compose
.NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署
GitHub-Demo：Docker.NetCore.MySql
上兩節我們通過簡單的demo學習了docker的基本操作。這一節我們來一個進階學習，完成ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx的容器化部署。
本文是基于CentOS 7.4環境進行演示，示例項目可以訪問Docker.NetCore.MySql進行下載。
2. Hello MySQL同樣我們還是以循序漸進的方式來展開。首先來基于Docker來試玩一下MySQL。
2.1. 創建MySql實例//拉取mysql鏡像 docker pull mysql $ docker images$ REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/mysql latest 7d83a47ab2d2 13 days ago 408.2 MB //創建一個mysql實例 $ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e21bbd84e0b5 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 3306/tcp hello.mysql
下面我們直接在容器中連接到我們剛剛創建的mysql數據庫：
$ docker exec -it hello.mysql > mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type "help;" or "h" for help. Type "c" to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)2.2. 掛載數據卷
上面創建的mysql實例其數據都在容器內部存儲，這樣就暴露了一個問題，如果容器銷毀，那么對應的數據庫數據就會丟失。那如何持久化存儲容器內數據呢？我們可以通過掛載數據卷的方式來解決這一問題。
//創建數據卷
$ docker volume create --name hello.db
hello.db
//查看數據卷信息
$ docker volume inspect hello.db
[
{
"Name": "hello.db",
"Driver": "local",
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data",
"Labels": {},
"Scope": "local"
}
]
// 掛載數據卷啟動MySql實例
$ docker run --name hello.mysql
> -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
上面是使用使用了docker volume create命令創建了一個數據卷，當然我們也可以自行掛載某個目錄作為數據卷。
3. 準備.NET Core+EFCore+MySql項目為了演示方便，我準備了一個ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql的示例項目。其結構如下所示：
是基于.NET Core Mvc模板項目，其中定義了一個Product實體，并通過ProductsController暴露WebApi接口。核心代碼如下：
Product實體類：
public class Product
{
public int ProductId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
public int StockQty { get; set; }
}
DbContext類：
public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext
{
public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions options)
: base(options)
{
}
public DbSet Products { get; set; }
}
數據庫初始化類：
public class DbInitializer
{
public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context)
{
context.Database.EnsureCreated();
if (context.Products.Any())
{
return;
}
var products = new Product[]
{
new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 }
};
context.Products.AddRange(products);
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
該數據庫初始化類會在項目啟動時運行。詳細代碼可參考Docker.NetCore.MySql。
4. 基于示例項目進行實操演練 4.1 安裝Git并Clone示例項目$ yum install git $ git --version git version 1.8.3.1 $ cd ~/demo $ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql.git Cloning into "Docker.NetCore.MySql"... remote: Counting objects: 155, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125), done. remote: Total 155 (delta 42), reused 123 (delta 25), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (155/155), 534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42), done.4.2. 構建鏡像
細心的你會發現，項目中已經定義了Dockerfile，所以我們可以直接使用docker build構建鏡像。
# cd Docker.NetCore.MySql [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls appsettings.Development.json docker-compose.yml Program.cs Views appsettings.json Dockerfile proxy.conf wwwroot bundleconfig.json Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj README.md Controllers LICENSE ScaffoldingReadMe.txt Data Models Startup.cs //構建鏡像 # docker build -t docker.netcore.mysql . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MB Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258eb Step 2 : WORKDIR /app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278c Step 3 : COPY . /app ---> 6b1bf8bb5261 Removing intermediate container b86460477977 Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj... Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0. ..... Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> 4df70c77916e Removing intermediate container 4e0a46f762bb Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e ---> 3506253060fe Removing intermediate container 11b421b3bd3e Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in 201aabbab72c ---> 7f29963a8d96 Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72c Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in c79f73cba162 ---> 9d1fb6ee46cb Removing intermediate container c79f73cba162 Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker images docker.netcore.mysql REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.netcore.mysql latest 9d1fb6ee46cb 13 seconds ago 1.756 GB4.3. 啟動鏡像并連接到指定數據庫
docker提供了--link參數用于在容器之間建立連接。下面我們實例化創建的鏡像docker.netcore.mysql并命名容器名為hello.netcore.mysql，并使用--link參數與我們文章開頭建立的hello.mysql容器建立連接。
# docker run --name hello.netcore.mysql --link hello.mysql:db -d -p 5000:5000 docker.netcore.mysql
這里需要特別注意一下--link=hello.mysql:db，這個參數就是告訴Docker容器需要使用hello.mysql容器，并將其別名命名為db，這樣在hello.netcore.mysql這個容器中就可以使用db來作為提供mysql數據庫服務的服務器。這也就是為什么我們.NET Core項目中連接字符串設置為server=db;的原因。
` "ConnectionStrings": {
"MySql": "server=db;database=MySqlDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;"
}`
//查看運行中容器列表
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5cbfd27ebe2a docker.netcore.mysql "dotnet run" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp hello.netcore.mysql
4dfa4159b669 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" About an hour ago Up About an hour 3306/tcp hello.mysql
//訪問api/products
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products
[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
從上圖可知，我們完成了.NET Core與MySql的連接。
5. ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx結合上一篇文章.NET Core容器化之多容器應用部署@Docker-Compose，我們來使用docker-compose完成asp.net core + mysql + nginx的多容器部署。
5.1. 定義 docker-compose.ymlversion: "2"
services:
db:
container_name: hello.db
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
volumes:
- ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql
web:
container_name: hello.web
build: .
depends_on:
- db
links:
- db
reverse-proxy:
container_name: hello.proxy
image: nginx
depends_on:
- web
ports:
- "9090:8080"
volumes:
- ./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
其中定義了三個服務：
db：使用mysql鏡像，并掛載當前項目下的mysql文件夾來持久化存儲。
web：基于當前項目構建的容器服務，依賴于db服務。
reverse-proxy：使用nginx定義反向代理服務，其中掛載了當前項目下的proxy.conf文件作為反向代理配置文件。其中proxy.conf的配置如下（注意proxy_pass指定的url為http://web:5000)：
server {
listen 8080;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web:5000;
}
}
5.2. 啟動Compose
在啟動Compose之前，建議清空上面創建的容器。也可以使用docker rm $(docker ps -qa)清除所有容器。
//啟動compose
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -d
Creating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driver
Building web
Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest
---> 7d4dc5c258eb
Step 2 : WORKDIR /app
---> Using cache
---> 98d48a4e278c
Step 3 : COPY . /app
---> d41b32323c0f
Removing intermediate container 1259f5fb82bc
Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore
---> Running in d482e355de77
Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...
Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.
.....
Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj.
---> a0658008f161
Removing intermediate container d482e355de77
Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e
---> a419314ece08
Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5e
Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000
---> Running in c1d1474b14a0
---> 9cc13c549042
Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0
Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run
---> Running in efdf0e857a84
---> 830ac11428cf
Removing intermediate container efdf0e857a84
Successfully built 830ac11428cf
Creating hello.db ... done
Creating hello.web ... done
Creating hello.proxy ... done
Creating hello.web ...
Creating hello.proxy ...
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6253bf85682e nginx "nginx -g "daemon off" 33 seconds ago Up 28 seconds 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp hello.proxy
ea553a9e22f2 dockernetcoremysql_web "dotnet run" 37 seconds ago Up 32 seconds 5000/tcp hello.web
a1f5aa981bfb mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 38 seconds ago Up 36 seconds 3306/tcp hello.db
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hello.db docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcp
hello.proxy nginx -g daemon off; Up 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp
hello.web dotnet run Up 5000/tcp
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products
[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
上面的運行結果顯示，我們已經成功完成了ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx的多容器應用部署。通過瀏覽器訪問http:
我們來驗證一下數據庫是否成功創建：
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysql auto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-key.pem ca-key.pem MySqlDbContext ib_logfile1 private_key.pem sys ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 public_key.pem client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql server-cert.pem [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type "help;" or "h" for help. Type "c" to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +-----------------------+ | Database | +-----------------------+ | information_schema | | MySqlDbContext | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +-----------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use MySqlDbContext; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------------+ | Tables_in_MySqlDbContext | +---------------------------------+ | Products | +---------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from Products; +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | ProductId | Name | Price | StockQty | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | 1 | iphone 6 | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 2 | iphone 7 | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 4 | iphone x | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
從上面的運行結果可知，我們成功將項目文件夾下的mysql文件夾掛載到容器內部進行數據持久化。
6. 最后本文通過先介紹如何基于Docker實例化MySQL容器，再介紹如何通過掛載數據卷來持久化MySQL數據，以及如何使用--Link參數進行容器之間的連接，完成了.NET?Core連接MySQL數據庫。
最后，使用Docker-Compose綜合ASP.NET?Core+MySQL+Nginx完成了容器化部署。
下一節我們來介紹下如何使用Docker-Swarm進行集群部署。
7. 參考資料mysql -Docker Documentation
Hello Docker
.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器應用部署@Docker-Compose
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