摘要：從如何評價的話題下開始抓取問題，然后開始爬相關問題再循環(huán)對于每個問題抓取標題，關注人數(shù)，回答數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)設置用戶名和密碼設置獲取值獲得驗證碼的地址準備下載驗證碼獲取請求下載驗證碼打開驗證碼輸入驗證碼請輸入驗證碼輸入賬號和

從如何評價X的話題下開始抓取問題，然后開始爬相關問題再循環(huán)

對于每個問題抓取 標題，關注人數(shù)，回答數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)

zhihuTopicSpider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy
import os
import time
import re
import json

from ..items import zhihuQuestionItem

# mode 1:tencent   2:free
mode = 2
proxy = "https://web-proxy.oa.com:8080" if mode == 1 else ""

# 設置 用戶名和密碼
email = "youremail"
password = "yourpassword"


class zhihu_topicSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "zhihu_topicSpider"
    zhihu_url = "https://www.zhihu.com"
    login_url = "https://www.zhihu.com/login/email"
    topic = "https://www.zhihu.com/topic"
    domain = "https://www.zhihu.com"

    # 設置 Headers
    headers_dict = {
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "Host": "www.zhihu.com",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.109 Safari/537.36"
    }

    def start_requests(self):
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url=self.zhihu_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": 1
            },
            callback=self.request_captcha
        )

    def request_captcha(self, response):
        # 獲取_xsrf值
        _xsrf = response.css("input[name="_xsrf"]::attr(value)").extract()[0]
        # 獲得驗證碼的地址
        captcha_url = "http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=" + str(time.time() * 1000)
        # 準備下載驗證碼
        # 獲取請求
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url=captcha_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                "_xsrf": _xsrf
            },
            callback=self.download_captcha
        )

    def download_captcha(self, response):
        # 下載驗證碼
        with open("captcha.gif", "wb") as fp:
            fp.write(response.body)
        # 打開驗證碼
        os.system("open captcha.gif")
        # 輸入驗證碼
        print "請輸入驗證碼:
"
        captcha = raw_input()
        # 輸入賬號和密碼
        yield scrapy.FormRequest(
            url=self.login_url,
            headers=self.headers_dict,
            formdata={
                "email": email,
                "password": password,
                "_xsrf": response.meta["_xsrf"],
                "remember_me": "true",
                "captcha": captcha
            },
            meta={
                "proxy": proxy,
                "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
            },
            callback=self.request_zhihu
        )

    def request_zhihu(self, response):
        """
            現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)登錄,請求www.zhihu.com的頁面
        """
        yield scrapy.Request(url=self.topic + "/19760570",
                             headers=self.headers_dict,
                             meta={
                                 "proxy": proxy,
                                 "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                             },
                             callback=self.get_topic_question,
                             dont_filter=True)

    def get_topic_question(self, response):
        # with open("topic.html", "wb") as fp:
        #     fp.write(response.body)
        # 獲得話題下的question的url
        question_urls = response.css(".question_link[target=_blank]::attr(href)").extract()
        length = len(question_urls)
        k = -1
        j = 0
        temp = []
        for j in range(length/3):
            temp.append(question_urls[k+3])
            j+=1
            k+=3
        for url in temp:
            yield scrapy.Request(url = self.zhihu_url+url,
                    headers = self.headers_dict,
                    meta = {
                        "proxy": proxy,
                        "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                    },
                    callback = self.parse_question_data)

    def parse_question_data(self, response):
        item = zhihuQuestionItem()
        item["qid"] = re.search("d+",response.url).group()
        item["title"] = response.css(".zm-item-title::text").extract()[0].strip()
        item["answers_num"] = response.css("h3::attr(data-num)").extract()[0]
        question_nums = response.css(".zm-side-section-inner .zg-gray-normal strong::text").extract()
        item["followers_num"] = question_nums[0]
        item["visitsCount"] = question_nums[1]
        item["topic_views"] = question_nums[2]
        topic_tags = response.css(".zm-item-tag::text").extract()
        if len(topic_tags) >= 3:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = topic_tags[1].strip()
            item["topic_tag2"] = topic_tags[2].strip()
        elif len(topic_tags) == 2:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = topic_tags[1].strip()
            item["topic_tag2"] = "-"
        elif len(topic_tags) == 1:
            item["topic_tag0"] = topic_tags[0].strip()
            item["topic_tag1"] = "-"
            item["topic_tag2"] = "-"
        # print type(item["title"])
        question_links = response.css(".question_link::attr(href)").extract()
        yield item
        for url in question_links:
            yield scrapy.Request(url = self.zhihu_url+url,
                    headers = self.headers_dict,
                    meta = {
                        "proxy": proxy,
                        "cookiejar": response.meta["cookiejar"],
                    },
                    callback = self.parse_question_data)

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don"t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# import json
import MySQLdb

# class JsonDumpPipeline(object):
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         with open("d.json", "a") as fp:
#             fp.write(json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii = False).encode("utf-8") + "
")



class MySQLPipeline(object):
    print "







"
    sql_questions = (
            "INSERT INTO questions("
            "qid, title, answers_num, followers_num, visitsCount, topic_views, topic_tag0, topic_tag1, topic_tag2) "
            "VALUES ("%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s")")
    count = 0

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        host = "localhost"
        user = "root"
        password = "wangqi"
        dbname = "zh"
        self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host, user, password, dbname)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        self.conn.set_character_set("utf8")
        self.cursor.execute("SET NAMES utf8;")
        self.cursor.execute("SET CHARACTER SET utf8;")
        self.cursor.execute("SET character_set_connection=utf8;")
        print "

MYSQL DB CURSOR INIT SUCCESS!!

"
        sql = (
            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questions ("
                "qid VARCHAR (100) NOT NULL,"
                "title varchar(100),"
                "answers_num INT(11),"
                "followers_num INT(11) NOT NULL,"
                "visitsCount INT(11),"
                "topic_views INT(11),"
                "topic_tag0 VARCHAR (600),"
                "topic_tag1 VARCHAR (600),"
                "topic_tag2 VARCHAR (600),"
                "PRIMARY KEY (qid)"
            ")")
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        print "

TABLES ARE READY!

"

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        sql = self.sql_questions % (item["qid"], item["title"], item["answers_num"],item["followers_num"],
                                item["visitsCount"], item["topic_views"], item["topic_tag0"], item["topic_tag1"], item["topic_tag2"])
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        if self.count % 10 == 0:
            self.conn.commit()
        self.count += 1
        print item["qid"] + " DATA COLLECTED!"

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy
from scrapy import Field


class zhihuQuestionItem(scrapy.Item):
    qid = Field()
    title = Field()
    followers_num = Field()
    answers_num = Field()
    visitsCount = Field()
    topic_views = Field()
    topic_tag0 = Field()
    topic_tag1 = Field()
    topic_tag2 = Field()