kubernetes | 常用命令-縮容擴(kuò)容回滾

idealcn 發(fā)布于2019-07-01 17:40 / 2987人閱讀

摘要：查看版本查看節(jié)點(diǎn)部署說(shuō)明提供名稱和鏡像地址鏡像地址再如查看測(cè)試獲取名字測(cè)試使用進(jìn)行故障排除主要使用如下命令列出資源顯示資源詳情打印中的日志在中的上執(zhí)行命令獲取應(yīng)用配置查看應(yīng)用是否在運(yùn)行查看中有哪些結(jié)

查看版本

kubectl version

查看節(jié)點(diǎn)

kubectl get nodes

部署app

說(shuō)明：提供deployment名稱和app鏡像地址（docker鏡像地址）

kubectl run kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1 --port=8080

再如：

run test --image=preparedman/mytomcat:tagname --port=8088

查看app

kubectl proxy

測(cè)試：curl http://localhost:8001/version

{
  "major": "1",
  "minor": "13",
  "gitVersion": "v1.13.3",
  "gitCommit": "721bfa751924da8d1680787490c54b9179b1fed0",
  "gitTreeState": "clean",
  "buildDate": "2019-02-01T20:00:57Z",
  "goVersion": "go1.11.5",
  "compiler": "gc",
  "platform": "linux/amd64"
}

獲取pod名字

export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template "{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"
"}}{{end}}")

測(cè)試：echo Name of the Pod: $POD_NAME

使用kubectl進(jìn)行故障排除

主要使用如下命令

kubectl get - list resources 列出資源
kubectl describe - show detailed information about a resource 顯示資源詳情
kubectl logs - print the logs from a container in a pod 打印`pod` 中container的日志
kubectl exec - execute a command on a container in a pod 在`pod`中的container上執(zhí)行命令

獲取應(yīng)用配置

查看應(yīng)用是否在運(yùn)行

kubectl get pods

查看pod 中有哪些container

kubectl describe pods

結(jié)果如下：

Name:               kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-jk4jc
Namespace:          default
Priority:           0
PriorityClassName:  
Node:               minikube/172.17.0.72
Start Time:         Wed, 24 Apr 2019 13:21:58 +0000
Labels:             pod-template-hash=6bf84cb898
                    run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations:        
Status:             Running
IP:                 172.18.0.4
Controlled By:      ReplicaSet/kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898
Containers:
  kubernetes-bootcamp:
    Container ID:   docker://55491b363d26b62e432cd4841ed4f65cc5b98e645d172c6ed88feaebcb4ec06c
    Image:          gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
    Port:           8080/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 24 Apr 2019 13:22:00 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-l7v8b (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  default-token-l7v8b:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-l7v8b
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  3m6s  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-jk4jc to minikube
  Normal  Pulled     3m4s  kubelet, minikube  Container image "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1" already present on machine
  Normal  Created    3m4s  kubelet, minikube  Created container
  Normal  Started    3m4s  kubelet, minikube  Started container

打印container日志

kubectl logs $POD_NAME

在container中直接執(zhí)行命令

比如：獲取pod名字是kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-jk4jc的日期，默認(rèn)使用第一個(gè)container container by default

kubectl exec kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-jk4jc date

再入：進(jìn)入container的命令行環(huán)境

kubectl exec kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-jk4jc bash

退出使用

exit

暴露你的應(yīng)用service 列出當(dāng)前集群中的service

kubectl get services

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的service并暴露給外部流量

kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080

查看service詳情

$ kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp

結(jié)果：

Name:                     kubernetes-bootcamp
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations:              
Selector:                 run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Type:                     NodePort
IP:                       10.105.231.53
Port:                       8080/TCP
TargetPort:               8080/TCP
NodePort:                   32400/TCP
Endpoints:                172.18.0.4:8080
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)環(huán)境變量NODE_PORT，它的值等于service暴露的端口

export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template="{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}")

echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT

測(cè)試：

curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT

使用labels 查看label

kubectl describe deployment

你能看到這樣一行：

Labels:                 run=kubernetes-bootcamp

通過(guò)label查詢pod

kubectl get pods -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp

通過(guò)label查詢service

kubectl get services -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp

獲取pod名字，并保存到環(huán)境變量POD_NAME中

export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template "{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"
"}}{{end}}")

echo name of the pod: $POD_NAME

添加新的lebel

使用label命令

kubectl label pod $POD_NAME app=v1

查看：

kubectl describe pods $POD_NAME

刪除service 通過(guò)label刪除service

kubectl delete service -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp

確認(rèn)刪除：

kubectl get services

確認(rèn)沒(méi)有暴露給集群外部：

curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT

確認(rèn)集群內(nèi)部還可以訪問(wèn)：

kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME curl localhost:8080

擴(kuò)容 設(shè)置deployments的replica數(shù)量為4

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=4

查看結(jié)果：

可以看到修改replica設(shè)置生效

NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   4/4     4            4           3m17s

pod數(shù)量已經(jīng)改變，查看詳情

kubectl get pods -o wide

結(jié)果：

NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-7tbrg   1/1     Running   0          2m50s   172.18.0.5   minikube              
kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-fx68f   1/1     Running   0          3m52s   172.18.0.4   minikube              
kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-prgsc   1/1     Running   0          2m50s   172.18.0.6   minikube              
kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-qv4gc   1/1     Running   0          2m50s   172.18.0.7   minikube

查看4個(gè)pod

kubectl describe deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

結(jié)果：

Replicas:               4 desired | 4 updated | 4 total | 4 available | 0 unavailable

查看service是否是負(fù)載均衡的 查看具體IP

kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp

結(jié)果：

Endpoints:                172.18.0.2:8080,172.18.0.4:8080,172.18.0.6:8080 + 1 more...

創(chuàng)建環(huán)境變量NODE_PORT

export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template="{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}")

echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT

調(diào)用請(qǐng)求

可以看到，每次請(qǐng)求的都是不同的pod

curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT

結(jié)果：

Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-2l975 | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-zbmj4 | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-qg5xh | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-zbmj4 | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-bn98t | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-zbmj4 | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-zbmj4 | v=1
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-6bf84cb898-zbmj4 | v=1

縮容

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=2

## 更新到版本2

kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2

驗(yàn)證更新

查看暴露出來(lái)的ip和端口

kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp

結(jié)果：

Name:                     kubernetes-bootcamp
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations:              
Selector:                 run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Type:                     NodePort
IP:                       10.98.28.235
Port:                       8080/TCP
TargetPort:               8080/TCP
NodePort:                   31419/TCP
Endpoints:                172.18.0.10:8080,172.18.0.11:8080,172.18.0.8:8080 + 1 more...
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:

創(chuàng)建環(huán)境變量

export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template="{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}")

echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT

訪問(wèn)：

curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT

結(jié)果：

訪問(wèn)版本2，且每次訪問(wèn)不同的地址

Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5bf4d5689b-tcxpf | v=2
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5bf4d5689b-tcxpf | v=2
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5bf4d5689b-86c8g | v=2
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5bf4d5689b-fx9tf | v=2
$ curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5bf4d5689b-tcxpf | v=2

確認(rèn)更新

kubectl rollout status deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

回滾

更新到版本10

kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v10

查看發(fā)現(xiàn)報(bào)錯(cuò)，因?yàn)榘姹編?kù)中沒(méi)有版本10

kubectl get deployments
kubectl get pods
kubectl describe pods

報(bào)錯(cuò)

Warning  Failed     38s (x3 over 77s)  kubelet, minikube  Failed to pull image "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v10": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v10 not found

執(zhí)行會(huì)滾

kubectl rollout undo deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

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