摘要：簡介是一個基于的工具，用于創建和部署虛擬化開發環境。本教程不安裝可選。

簡介
Vagrant是一個基于Ruby的工具，用于創建和部署虛擬化開發環境。
它的主要意義是讓所有開發人員都使用和線上服務器一樣的環境，本質上和你新建一個虛擬機
安裝

常用命令
vagrant init # 初始化，生成Vagrantfile

vagrant up # 啟動虛擬機
vagrant halt # 關閉虛擬機
vagrant reload # 重啟虛擬機
vagrant ssh # SSH 至虛擬機
vagrant suspend # 掛起虛擬機
vagrant resume # 喚醒虛擬機
vagrant status # 查看虛擬機運行狀態
vagrant destroy # 銷毀當前虛擬機

vagrant box list # 查看本地box列表
vagrant box add # 添加box到列表
vagrant box remove # 從box列表移除

vagrant provision
vagrant reload --provision
homestead
站在巨人的肩膀上，快速部署PHP開發環境

homestead是laravel官方的一個php開發環境 （本教程采用homestead box6.1.0）
內置：
Ubuntu 18.04
Git
PHP 7.2
PHP 7.1
PHP 7.0
PHP 5.6
Nginx
Apache (可選。本教程不安裝)
MySQL
MariaDB (可選。本教程不安裝)
Sqlite3
PostgreSQL
Composer
Node (With Yarn, Bower, Grunt, and Gulp)
Redis
Memcached
Beanstalkd
Mailhog
Neo4j (可選。本教程不安裝)
MongoDB (可選。本教程不安裝)
Elasticsearch (可選。本教程不安裝，以免過大)
ngrok
wp-cli
Zend Z-Ray
Go
Minio
下載box（homestead）

box鏡像

{

"name": "laravel/homestead",
"versions":
[
    {
        "version": "6.1.0",
        "providers": [
            {
              "name": "virtualbox",
              "url": "X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box"
            }
        ]
    }
]

}

vagrant add box metadata.json
or
vagrant add box laravel/homestead X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box --box-version=6.1.0

vagrant box list

vagrant init laravel/homestead --box-version=6.1.0

調整后的Vagrantfile配置

ENV["VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER"] = "virtualbox"

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

# 虛擬機名
# config.vm.define = "sxx_v1"

# 鏡像名
config.vm.box = "laravel/homestead"
# 鏡像版本要求
config.vm.box_version = "6.1.0"
# config.vm.box_version = ">= 6.1.0"

# 服務名 這里注意不能用下劃線"_"
config.vm.hostname = "sxx-dev-server"

# 虛擬機的私有網絡ip
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.10.10"

# 共享同步的數據目錄
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/docker", "/home/share", create:false
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/sxx_admin3", "/web/www/sxx_admin3", create:false
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/vagrant/nginx/conf", "/etc/nginx/sites-custom/", create:false

# 端口轉發
# guest->虛擬機
# host->宿主
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8000

# VirtualBox 虛擬機配置:
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|

 vb.gui = false

 vb.name = "sxx_v1"
 vb.memory = "2048"
 vb.cpus = "2"

end

#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.

# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
#config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# sudo apt-get update
#SHELL
end
啟動
vagrant up

==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box "laravel/homestead" is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...

default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: hostonly

==> default: Forwarding ports...

default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
default: 80 (guest) => 8000 (host) (adapter 1)
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)

==> default: Running "pre-boot" VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...

default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key

==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Setting hostname...
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
The following SSH command responded with a non-zero exit status.
Vagrant assumes that this means the command failed!

/sbin/ifdown "eth1" || true
/sbin/ip addr flush dev "eth1"

sed -e "/^#VAGRANT-BEGIN/,$ d" /etc/network/interfaces > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
sed -ne "/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ p" /etc/network/interfaces | tac | sed -e "/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ d" | tac > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post

cat
/tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
/tmp/vagrant-network-entry
/tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post

/etc/network/interfaces

rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-entry
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post

/sbin/ifup "eth1"

Stdout from the command:

Stderr from the command:

bash: line 4: /sbin/ifdown: No such file or directory
bash: line 20: /sbin/ifup: No such file or directory

解決錯誤

ssh -p 2222 vagrant@ip
or
直接打開virtualbox的虛擬機進入

sudo apt-get install -y ifupdown

vagrant reload

初始化工作

su passwd root

sudo apt-get install -y php7.2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.1-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php5.6-dev

update-alternavtives --config php

安裝擴展

redis
mongodb
rdkafka（安裝前先安裝librdkafka-https://github.com/edenhill/l...）
zookeeper(安裝前線安裝zookeeker的C庫支持）
建議后續安裝的擴展
swoole

查看常用服務
clipboard.png

clipboard.png

打包vagrant box
vagrant package --output sxx_v1

分享和使用

安裝vagrant

安裝virtualbox

copy 分享的box

添加box: vagrant add box qklin/sxx_v1 box_file -box-version=6.1.0 或者上面的metadata.json添加

設置復制一份Vagrantfile，調整成自己所需的共享目錄

添加nginx的虛擬主機配置

vagrant up

如果nginx有問題，你可以ssh到虛擬機，然后重啟下nginx，因為共享目錄可能遲于nginx，所以nginx啟動除了問題，重啟nginx即可（/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload）

分享本教程的vagrantbox和部分配置

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vkU5... 密碼: 6666

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z7Mf... 密碼: 8888

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qZ29... 密碼: 9999
總結
vagrant 本質還是虛擬機，不過是通過vagrant快速部署和管理虛擬機
本教程只是演示了一個配置配置一臺虛擬機，vagrant通過vagrantfile快速部署分布式虛擬機

這個不是本教程的目的，具體更多你可以翻閱官方或百度搜索相關教程自行學習