摘要：另外，與模板方法將分別在測試用例類的第一個測試運行之前和測試用例類的最后一個測試運行之后調用。

本系列教程所有的PHPUnit測試基于PHPUnit6.5.9版本，Lumen 5.5框架

PHPUnit自動測試文件會自動加載引入（include file）

PHPUnit去啟動setUp方法，Lumen里重寫了setUp，加載了bootstrap/app.php

app.php加載了composer的autoload，借此你項目所有自動加載環境都有了，不過不包含tests目錄

至此我們引入了我們需要構建自己的自動加載類

├── BaseCase.php 重寫過Lumen基類的測試基類，用于我們用這個基類做測試基類，后續會說明
├── bootstrap.php tests自動加載文件
├── Cases 測試用例目錄
│?? └── Demo 測試模塊
│??     ├── logs 日志輸出目錄
│??  ?? ├── PipeTest.php PHPUnit流程測試用例
│??     ├── phpunit.xml phpunit配置文件xml
│??     └── README.md 本模塊測試用例說明
├── ExampleTest.php 最原始測試demo
└── TestCase.php Lumen自帶的測試基類

phpunit.xml
自動加載配置bootstrap文件




流程測試代碼
TestCase.php
# 代碼頭部添加 命令空間Test
namespace Test;
PipeTest 流程代碼
assertTrue(true);
    }

    public function testTwo()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
        // 兩個交換下順序可以看下效果
        // 正常執行成功assert可以繼續執行，失敗的會跳出方法
        $this->assertArrayHasKey("d", ["d"=>1, "e"=>2]);
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    public function testThree()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    public function testFour()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
    }

    /**
     * 測試方法成功后的后置執行，tearDown之前
     */
    protected function assertPostConditions()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
    }

    public function tearDown()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
    }

    public static function tearDownAfterClass()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
    }

    /**
     * 不成功后攔截方法
     * 必須重新拋出錯誤，如果不拋出錯誤，斷言會當成成功了
     */
    public function onNotSuccessfulTest(Throwable $e)
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "
");
        // 必須重新拋出錯誤，如果不拋出錯誤，斷言會當成成功了
        throw $e;
    }
}
運行
# 你可以把vendor/bin加入到環境變量PATH
cd tests/Demo
../../../vendor/bin/phpunit
運行輸出
PHPUnit 6.5.9 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUpBeforeClass
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testOne
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPostConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
.TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testTwo
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
FTestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testThree
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
FTestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testFour
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPostConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
R                                                                4 / 4 (100%)TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDownAfterClass


Time: 1.29 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There were 2 failures:

1) TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testTwo
Failed asserting that false is true.

/xxx/tests/Cases/Demo/PipeTest.php:47

2) TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testThree
Failed asserting that false is true.

/xxx/tests/Cases/Demo/PipeTest.php:53

--

There was 1 risky test:

1) TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testFour
This test did not perform any assertions

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 2, Risky: 1.

Generating code coverage report in HTML format ... done
整理流程輸出
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUpBeforeClass
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testOne
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPostConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testTwo
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testThree
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::setUp
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPreConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::testFour
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::assertPostConditions
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDown
TestCasesDemoPipeTest::tearDownAfterClass
總結
一個測試類文件，從setUpBeforeClass加載，且僅此加載一次
每個測試方法都會走的過程：setUp->assertPreConditions->測試方法->[assert成功執行：assertPostConditions]->tearDown->[assert執行失敗：onNotSuccessfulTest，且本方法需要拋出錯誤]
本個測試類文件執行tearDownAfterClass結束
參考
PHPUnit 6.5 官方文檔