摘要：時區設置通過或者也可以直接這樣更多參考中文支持新建然后執行構建更多參考

ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

或者也可以直接這樣：

# Set the timezone.
RUN sudo echo "America/New_York" > /etc/timezone
RUN sudo dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata

更多參考：
http://serverfault.com/questions/683605/docker-container-time-timezone-will-not-reflect-changes
https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/12084
http://tedwise.com/2015/05/02/setting-the-timezone-in-a-docker-image

新建Dockerfile：

FROM ubuntu:trusty

# Ensure UTF-8 locale
#COPY locale /etc/default/locale
RUN locale-gen zh_CN.UTF-8 &&
  DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive dpkg-reconfigure locales
RUN locale-gen zh_CN.UTF-8  
ENV LANG zh_CN.UTF-8  
ENV LANGUAGE zh_CN:zh  
ENV LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8  

然后執行構建

docker build -t xbyubuntu .

更多參考:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28405902/how-to-set-the-locale-inside-a-docker-container
https://github.com/abevoelker/docker-ubuntu-locale/blob/master/Dockerfile
http://blog.shiqichan.com/Input-Chinese-character-in-docker-bash/