緊接上一篇文章Just for fun——PHP框架之簡單的路由器（1）。
代碼下載

對于以下合并的正則

~^(?:
    /user/([^/]+)/(d+)
    | /user/(d+)
    | /user/([^/]+)
)$~x

最終匹配的是分組中的某一個，我們需要的子匹配也是那個分組中的，然而從結果看

preg_match($regex, "/user/nikic", $matches);
=> [
    "/user/nikic",   # 完全匹配
    "", "",          # 第一個（空）
    "",              # 第二個（空）
    "nikic",         # 第三個（被使用）
]

這里是最后一個路由被匹配了，但是其他分組的子匹配也被填充了，這是多余的。

PCRE正則里?|也是非捕獲分組，那么?|和?:有什么區(qū)別呢？？
區(qū)別在于?|會組號重置，看以下幾個例子就懂了

preg_match("~(?:(Sat)ur|(Sun))day~", "Saturday", $matches)
=> ["Saturday", "Sat", ""]   # 最后一個""其實是不存在的，寫在這里是為了闡釋概念

preg_match("~(?:(Sat)ur|(Sun))day~", "Sunday", $matches)
=> ["Sunday", "", "Sun"]

preg_match("~(?|(Sat)ur|(Sun))day~", "Saturday", $matches)
=> ["Saturday", "Sat"]

preg_match("~(?|(Sat)ur|(Sun))day~", "Sunday", $matches)
=> ["Sunday", "Sun"]

所有我們可以用?|來代替?:來減少多余的子匹配填充，但是這樣一來的話，如何判斷哪個分組被匹配了呢？？（因為之前的判斷技巧就失效了）
我們可以這樣,添加一些多余子匹配

~^(?|
    /user/([^/]+)/(d+)
  | /user/(d+)()()
  | /user/([^/]+)()()()
)$~x

 1) {
                preg_match_all("~{([a-zA-Z0-9_]+?)}~", $route, $matchesVariables);
                return [
                    preg_replace("~{[a-zA-Z0-9_]+?}~", "([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)", $route),
                    $matchesVariables[1],
                ];
            } else {
                return [
                    $route,
                    [],
                ];
            }
        }
        throw new LogicException("register route failed, pattern is illegal");
    }

    /**
     * 注冊路由
     * @param $httpMethod string | string[]
     * @param $route
     * @param $handler
     */
    public function addRoute($httpMethod, $route, $handler) {
        $routeData = $this->parse($route);
        foreach ((array) $httpMethod as $method) {
            if ($this->isStaticRoute($routeData)) {
                $this->addStaticRoute($method, $routeData, $handler);
            } else {
                $this->addVariableRoute($method, $routeData, $handler);
            }
        }
    }


    private function isStaticRoute($routeData) {
        return count($routeData[1]) === 0;
    }

    private function addStaticRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler) {
        $routeStr = $routeData[0];

        if (isset($this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$routeStr])) {
            throw new LogicException(sprintf(
                "Cannot register two routes matching "%s" for method "%s"",
                $routeStr, $httpMethod
            ));
        }

        if (isset($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod])) {
            foreach ($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod] as $route) {
                if ($route->matches($routeStr)) {
                    throw new LogicException(sprintf(
                        "Static route "%s" is shadowed by previously defined variable route "%s" for method "%s"",
                        $routeStr, $route->regex, $httpMethod
                    ));
                }
            }
        }

        $this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$routeStr] = $handler;
    }


    private function addVariableRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler) {
        list($regex, $variables) = $routeData;

        if (isset($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex])) {
            throw new LogicException(sprintf(
                "Cannot register two routes matching "%s" for method "%s"",
                $regex, $httpMethod
            ));
        }

        $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex] = new Route(
            $httpMethod, $handler, $regex, $variables
        );
    }


    public function get($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("GET", $route, $handler);
    }

    public function post($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("POST", $route, $handler);
    }

    public function put($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("PUT", $route, $handler);
    }

    public function delete($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("DELETE", $route, $handler);
    }

    public function patch($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("PATCH", $route, $handler);
    }

    public function head($route, $handler) {
        $this->addRoute("HEAD", $route, $handler);
    }

    /**
     * 分發(fā)
     * @param $httpMethod
     * @param $uri
     */
    public function dispatch($httpMethod, $uri) {
        $staticRoutes = array_keys($this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod]);
        foreach ($staticRoutes as $staticRoute) {
            if($staticRoute === $uri) {
                return [self::FOUND, $this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$staticRoute], []];
            }
        }

        $routeLookup = [];
        $regexes = [];
        foreach ($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod] as $regex => $route) {
            $index = count($route->variables);
            if(array_key_exists($index, $routeLookup)) {
                $indexNear = $this->getArrNearEmptyEntry($routeLookup, $index);
                array_push($regexes, $regex . str_repeat("()", $indexNear - $index));
                $routeLookup[$indexNear] = [
                    $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->handler,
                    $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->variables,
                ];
            } else {
                $routeLookup[$index] = [
                    $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->handler,
                    $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->variables,
                ];
                array_push($regexes, $regex);
            }
        }
        $regexCombined = "~^(?|" . implode("|", $regexes) . ")$~";
        if(!preg_match($regexCombined, $uri, $matches)) {
            return [self::NOT_FOUND];
        }
        list($handler, $varNames) = $routeLookup[count($matches) - 1];
        $vars = [];
        $i = 0;
        foreach ($varNames as $varName) {
            $vars[$varName] = $matches[++$i];
        }
        return [self::FOUND, $handler, $vars];
    }

    private function getArrNearEmptyEntry(&$arr, $index) {
        while (array_key_exists(++$index, $arr));
        return $index;
    }
}