摘要:我自己是從商業化環境走出來的,對于開源的部署方案也是在一點一點摸索,我相信其中也必然包含某些坑爹的配置。設置為表示當經常出現錯誤時可以嘗試更改此選項。設置環境變量添加服務設置開機自動啟動服務配置其它擴展都可以動態添加,沒事的
前言
現在很多朋友都了解或者已經在使用LNMP架構,一般可以理解為Linux Shell為CentOS/RadHat/Fedora/Debian/Ubuntu/等平臺安裝LNMP(Nginx/MySQL/PHP),LNMPA(Nginx/MySQL/PHP/Apache),LAMP(Apache/MySQL/PHP)等類似的開發或生產環境。我自己是從SuSE/Oracle商業化環境走出來的,對于開源的部署方案也是在一點一點摸索,我相信其中也必然包含某些坑爹的配置。這篇文章較為詳細的描述了基于LTMP架構的部署過程,之后會再考慮獨立各個模塊分享細節和技巧,如果大家有更合適的配置實踐手冊歡迎一起分享,文章中的錯誤和改進點也請幫忙指點下哈。
LTMP(CentOS/Tengine/MySQL/PHP)
2015年08月04日 - 初稿
閱讀原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/ltmp/
擴展閱讀
CentOS - http://www.centos.org/
Tengine - http://tengine.taobao.org/
Nginx - http://nginx.org/en/docs/
MySQL - http://www.mysql.com/
PHP - http://php.net/
CentOS_6.5_64
Tengine-2.1.0
MySQL_5.6.25
PHP_5.5.27
Apache_2.2.31(醬油)
準備工作如果允許公網訪問會方便很多
bash#優化History歷史記錄 vi /etc/bashrc #設置保存歷史命令的文件大小 export HISTFILESIZE=1000000000 #保存歷史命令條數 export HISTSIZE=1000000 #實時記錄歷史命令,默認只有在用戶退出之后才會統一記錄,很容易造成多個用戶間的相互覆蓋。 export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a" #記錄每條歷史命令的執行時間 export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S " #設置時區(可選) rm -rf /etc/localtime ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime #禁用NetworkManager(可選) /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop chkconfig NetworkManager off /etc/init.d/network restart #關閉iptables(可選) /etc/init.d/iptables stop chkconfig iptables off #設置dns(可選) echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" > /etc/resolv.conf #關閉maildrop #cd /var/spool/postfix/maildrop;ls | xargs rm -rf; sed "s/MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/g" /etc/crontab service crond restart #關閉selinux setenforce 0 sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config #文件打開數量, echo ulimit -SHn 65535 >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile #修改最大進程和最大文件打開數限制 vi /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nproc 11000 * hard nproc 11000 * soft nofile 655350 * hard nofile 655350 sed -i -e "/# End of file/i* soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf #優化TCP vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 #開啟SYN Cookies,當出現SYN等待隊列溢出時,啟用cookies來處理 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 #timewait的數量,默認是180000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 #每個網絡接口接收數據包的速率比內核處理這些包的速率快時,允許送到隊列的數據包的最大數目 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 #web應用中listen函數的backlog默認會給我們內核參數的net.core.somaxconn限制到128,而nginx定義的NGX_LISTEN_BACKLOG默認為511,所以有必要調整這個值 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 #系統中最多有多少個TCP套接字不被關聯到任何一個用戶文件句柄上。如果超過這個數字,孤兒連接將即刻被復位并打印出警告信息。這個限制僅僅是為了防止簡單的DoS攻擊,不能過分依靠它或者人為地減小這個值,更應該增加這個值(如果增加了內存之后) net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #記錄的那些尚未收到客戶端確認信息的連接請求的最大值。對于有128M內存的系統而言,缺省值是1024,小內存的系統則是128 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 #時間戳可以避免序列號的卷繞。一個1Gbps的鏈路肯定會遇到以前用過的序列號。時間戳能夠讓內核接受這種“異常”的數據包。這里需要將其關掉 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 #為了打開對端的連接,內核需要發送一個SYN并附帶一個回應前面一個SYN的ACK。也就是所謂三次握手中的第二次握手。這個設置決定了內核放棄連接之前發送SYN+ACK包的數量 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 #在內核放棄建立連接之前發送SYN包的數量 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 #啟用timewait快速回收 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #開啟重用,允許將TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP連接 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 #如果套接字由本端要求關閉,這個參數決定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2狀態的時間。對端可以出錯并永遠不關閉連接,甚至意外當機。缺省值是60 秒。2.2 內核的通常值是180秒,你可以按這個設置,但要記住的是,即使你的機器是一個輕載的WEB服務器,也有因為大量的死套接字而內存溢出的風險,FIN- WAIT-2的危險性比FIN-WAIT-1要小,因為它最多只能吃掉1.5K內存,但是它們的生存期長些。 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1 #當keepalive起用的時候,TCP發送keepalive消息的頻度。缺省是2小時。 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 #允許系統打開的端口范圍 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 #表示文件句柄的最大數量 fs.file-max = 102400 #云主機上的優化 # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Disable netfilter on bridges. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 1000000 kernel.unknown_nmi_panic = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 fs.file-max = 1000000 vm.swappiness = 10 fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 10000000 net.core.wmem_max = 327679 net.core.rmem_max = 327679 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 /sbin/sysctl -p #自動選擇最快的yum源 yum -y install yum-fastestmirror #移除系統自帶的rpm包的http mysql php #yum remove httpd* php* yum remove httpd mysql mysql-server php php-cli php-common php-devel php-gd -y #升級基礎庫 yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ openssl* curl curl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel libaio autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel #yum安裝基礎必備環境包,可以先將yum源更換為阿里云的源 阿里:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ 搜狐:http://mirrors.sohu.com/ 網易:http://mirrors.163.com/ #備份原先的yum源信息 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup #從阿里云鏡像站下載centos6的repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo #最后yum重新生成緩存 yum makecache #yum安裝軟件包(可選) yum -y install tar zip unzip openssl* gd gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers make libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel fontconfig fontconfig-devel libXpm* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel t1lib t1lib-devel #定義目錄結構,下載安裝包 mkdir -p /app/{local,data} cd /app/local #PCRE - Perl Compatible Regular Expressions wget "ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.37.tar.gz" #Tengine wget "http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz" #MySQL wget "https://downloads.mariadb.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz" #PHP wget "http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.11.tar.gz" #Mhash wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz" #libmcrypt wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz" #Mcrypt wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz"配置Tengine 安裝PCRE
bashtar zxvf pcre-8.37.tar.gz cd pcre-8.37 ./configure make && make install cd ../安裝Tengine
bash#添加www用戶和組 groupadd www useradd -g www www #安裝Tengine tar zxvf tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz cd tengine-2.1.0 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/app/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/app/local/pcre-8.37 make && make install cd ../配置Nginx
Nginx配置文件的優化很重要,理解每一步的意義
bash#修改nginx.conf vi /app/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #用戶和用戶組 user www www; #工作進程,一般可以按CPU核數設定 worker_processes auto; worker_cpu_affinity auto; #全局錯誤日志級別 # [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ] error_log logs/error.log error; #PID文件位置 pid logs/nginx.pid; #更改worker進程的最大打開文件數限制,避免"too many open files" worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; #events事件指令是設定Nginx的工作模式及連接數上限 events{ #epoll是Linux首選的高效工作模式 use epoll; #告訴nginx收到一個新連接通知后接受盡可能多的連接 multi_accept on; #用于定義Nginx每個進程的最大連接數 worker_connections 65536; } #HTTP模塊控制著nginx http處理的所有核心特性 http { include mime.types; #設置文件使用的默認的MIME-type default_type application/octet-stream; #對日志格式的設定,main為日志格式別名 log_format main "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" " "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" " ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for""; #設置nginx是否將存儲訪問日志。關閉這個選項可以讓讀取磁盤IO操作更快 access_log off; # access_log logs/access.log main buffer=16k; #開啟gzip壓縮,實時壓縮輸出數據流 gzip on; #設置IE6或者更低版本禁用gzip功能 gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]."; #前端的緩存服務器緩存經過gzip壓縮的頁面 gzip_vary on; #允許壓縮基于請求和響應的響應流 gzip_proxied any; #設置數據的壓縮等級 gzip_comp_level 4; #設置對數據啟用壓縮的最少字節數 gzip_min_length 1k; #表示申請16個單位為64K的內存作為壓縮結果流緩存 gzip_buffers 16 64k; #用于設置識別HTTP協議版本 gzip_http_version 1.1; #用來指定壓縮的類型 gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; #打開緩存的同時也指定了緩存最大數目,以及緩存的時間 open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s; #在open_file_cache中指定檢測正確信息的間隔時間 open_file_cache_valid 30s; #定義了open_file_cache中指令參數不活動時間期間里最小的文件數 open_file_cache_min_uses 2; #指定了當搜索一個文件時是否緩存錯誤信息,也包括再次給配置中添加文件 open_file_cache_errors on; #設置允許客戶端請求的最大的單個文件字節數 client_max_body_size 30M; #設置客戶端請求主體讀取超時時間 client_body_timeout 10; #設置客戶端請求頭讀取超時時間 client_header_timeout 10; #指定來自客戶端請求頭的headerbuffer大小 client_header_buffer_size 32k; #設置客戶端連接保持活動的超時時間 keepalive_timeout 60; #關閉不響應的客戶端連接 reset_timedout_connection on; #設置響應客戶端的超時時間 send_timeout 10; #開啟高效文件傳輸模式 sendfile on; #告訴nginx在一個數據包里發送所有頭文件,而不一個接一個的發送 tcp_nopush on; #告訴nginx不要緩存數據,而是一段一段的發送 tcp_nodelay on; #設置用于保存各種key(比如當前連接數)的共享內存的參數 limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:5m; #給定的key設置最大連接數,允許每一個IP地址最多同時打開有100個連接 limit_conn addr 100; #FastCGI相關參數是為了改善網站的性能:減少資源占用,提高訪問速度 fastcgi_buffers 256 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_connect_timeout 3s; fastcgi_send_timeout 120s; fastcgi_read_timeout 120s; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #不在error_log中記錄不存在的錯誤 log_not_found off; #關閉在錯誤頁面中的nginx版本數字,提高安全性 #server_tag Apache; server_tokens off; #tengine server_tag off; server_info off; #添加虛擬主機的配置文件 include vhosts/*.conf; #負載均衡配置(暫時略過) #upstream test.com #設定虛擬主機配置 server { #偵聽80端口 listen 80; #定義使用localhost訪問 server_name localhost; #定義首頁索引文件的名稱 index index.html index.htm index.php; #定義服務器的默認網站根目錄位置 root /app/data/localhost/; #定義錯誤提示頁面 error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } #PHP 腳本請求全部轉發到 FastCGI處理. 使用FastCGI默認配置. location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } #靜態文件 location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$ { #過期30天,頻繁更新可設置小一點 expires 30d; } location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ { #過期1小時,不更新可設置大一些 expires 1h; } #禁止訪問 location ~ /. { deny all; } } }
簡化配置文件
vi /app/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
bash
user www www; worker_processes auto; worker_cpu_affinity auto; error_log logs/error.log crit; pid logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; multi_accept on; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" " "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" " ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for""; access_log off; #access_log logs/access.log main buffer=16k; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 50M; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 60; server_tokens off; server_tag off; server_info off; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; #gzip on; #gzip_min_length 1k; #gzip_buffers 4 16k; #gzip_http_version 1.1; #gzip_comp_level 5; #gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; #gzip_vary on; include vhosts/*.conf; }
分離server寫入vhosts
mkdir -p /app/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/
vi /app/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/localhost.conf
bashserver { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.php index.html index.htm; access_log logs/localhost.log main; root /app/data/localhost/; location / { index index.php index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } location ~ /. { deny all; } }
bash#檢查語法 /app/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t # ./nginx -t the configuration file /app/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok configuration file /app/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful #測試用例 mkdir -p /app/data/localhost chmod +w /app/data/localhost echo "" > /app/data/localhost/phpinfo.php chown -R www:www /app/data/localhost #設置nginx系統變量 echo "export PATH=$PATH:/app/local/nginx/sbin">>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile #測試訪問 curl -I http://localhost HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Tengine/2.1.0 Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2015 06:42:25 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.11添加Tengine到服務
配置服務后便于統一管理
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
bash#!/bin/sh # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/app/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/app/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed "s/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g" -` if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user fi options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:"` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep ".*-temp-path"` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done } start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac
bash#修改執行權限 chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx ulimit -SHn 65535 service nginx start安裝MySQL
注意目錄和字符集等配置文件
bash#解壓mysql mkdir -p /app/local/mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /app/local/mysql #增加mysql用戶組 groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql mkdir -p /app/data/mysql/data/ mkdir -p /app/data/mysql/binlog/ mkdir -p /app/data/mysql/relaylog/ chown -R mysql:mysql /app/data/mysql/ #安裝mysql /app/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/local/mysql --datadir=/app/data/mysql/data --user=mysql #修改mysqld_safe配置路徑 sed -i "s#/usr/local/mysql#/app/local/mysql#g" /app/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
bash
#修改my.cnf配置文件 vi /app/local/mysql/my.cnf [client] character-set-server = utf8 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] #prompt="(u:HOSTNAME:)[d]> " prompt="u@h R:m:s [d]> " no-auto-rehash [mysqld] server-id = 1 port = 3306 user = mysql basedir = /app/local/mysql datadir = /app/data/mysql/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock log-error = /app/data/mysql/mysql_error.log pid-file = /app/data/mysql/mysql.pid sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES default-storage-engine = InnoDB max_connections = 512 max_connect_errors = 100000 table_open_cache = 512 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /app/data/mysql/slow.log open_files_limit = 10240 back_log = 600 join_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M sort_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 300 query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 3 log-slave-updates log-bin = /app/data/mysql/binlog/binlog sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /app/data/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /app/data/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /app/data/mysql/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 0 interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M
bash
#添加mysql到服務 vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #!/bin/sh basedir=/app/local/mysql datadir=/app/data/mysql/data service_startup_timeout=900 lockdir="/var/lock/subsys" lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql" mysqld_pid_file_path=/app/data/mysql/mysql.pid if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi datadir_set= lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin" export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testingc"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c="c" ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s/^[^=]*=//"` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s/^[^=]*=//"` datadir_set=1 ;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s/^[^=]*=//"` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e "s/^[^=]*=//"` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in "created") # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i="" && break ;; "removed") # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i="" && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn"t running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there"s nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat="^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=(.*)$" dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e "s//1/" $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e "s/[ ]//g"` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it"s in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from "basedir". If there is no defaults file there # check if it"s in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fi fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid else case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in "start") # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn"t find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; "stop") # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; "restart") # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; "reload"|"force-reload") if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; "status") # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
bash#修改權限 chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld service mysqld start #增加MySQL系統環境變量 echo "export PATH=$PATH:/app/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile #查看錯誤日志 tail -f /var/log/mysqld.log #用root賬戶登錄并作簡單的安全設置 /app/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
sql#修改root密碼 UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=password("root") WHERE User="root"; #刪除無名用戶 DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User=""; #刪除root遠程訪問 DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User="root" AND Host NOT IN ("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1"); #刪除“test”數據庫 DROP database test; #允許遠程訪問 /app/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -proot use mysql; update user set host="%" where user="root" AND host="localhost"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; select host, user from user; #立即生效并退出MYSQL命令窗體 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;QUIT;安裝Apache
bashcd /app/local tar zxvf httpd-2.2.29.tar.gz cd httpd-2.2.29 ./configure --prefix=/app/local/apache --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-modes-shared=most make && make install vi /app/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf #修改主機名 ServerName localhost:80 #查找AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz,在該行下面添加 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #查找DirectoryIndex index.html 把該行修改成 DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php /app/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t cp /app/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd安裝PHP PHP基礎環境
bash#yum安裝或者使用下面源包編譯安裝 yum install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mcrypt mhash #下載地址 http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/ #安裝Libmcrypt tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 ./configure make && make install cd ../ 3.安裝mhash tar -zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9 ./configure make && make install cd ../ 4.安裝mcrypt tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib ./configure make && make install cd ../ ### 安裝PHP >extension根據需要定制,新增的OPcache建議暫時不要開啟 ``` bash tar zxvf php-5.5.27.tar.gz cd php-5.5.27 ./configure --prefix=/app/local/php --with-config-file-path=/app/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-curl --with-openssl --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-apxs2=/app/local/apache/bin/apxs #--enable-opcache make && make install #配置php.ini cp php.ini-development /app/local/php/etc/php.ini #設置時區 sed -i "s#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#g" /app/local/php/etc/php.ini #防止nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞 sed -i "s#;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /app/local/php/etc/php.ini #禁止顯示php版本的信息 sed -i "s#expose_php = On#expose_php = Off#g" /app/local/php/etc/php.ini #禁用危險函數(可選) #sed -i "s#disable_functions =#disable_functions = exec,passthru,shell_exec,system,proc_open,popen,curl_exec,curl_multi_exec,parse_ini_file,show_source#g" /app/local/php/etc/php.ini #enable-opcache后設置(可選) [OPcache] zend_extension = opcache.so opcache.enable=1 opcache.memory_consumption = 64 opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8 opcache.max_accelerated_files = 4000 opcache.revalidate_freq = 60 opcache.fast_shutdown = 1 opcache.enable_cli = 1配置php-fpm
bash#編輯php-fpm cp /app/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /app/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /app/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] ;錯誤日志 error_log = log/php-fpm.log ;錯誤日志級別 log_level = notice [www] ;php-fpm監聽端口 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 ;啟動進程的帳戶和組 user = www group = www ;如果選擇static,則由pm.max_children指定固定的子進程數。如果選擇dynamic,則由后面3個參數動態決定 pm = dynamic ;子進程最大數 pm.max_children = 384 ;啟動時的進程數 pm.start_servers = 20 ;保證空閑進程數最小值,如果空閑進程小于此值,則創建新的子進程 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 ;保證空閑進程數最大值,如果空閑進程大于此值,此進行清理 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 ;設置每個子進程重生之前服務的請求數。對于可能存在內存泄漏的第三方模塊來說是非常有用的。如果設置為 "0" 則一直接受請求。等同于 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 環境變量。默認值: 0。 pm.max_requests = 1000 ;每個子進程閑置多長時間就自殺 pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s ;設置單個請求的超時中止時間。該選項可能會對php.ini設置中的"max_execution_time"因為某些特殊原因沒有中止運行的腳本有用。設置為 "0" 表示 "Off".當經常出現502錯誤時可以嘗試更改此選項。 request_terminate_timeout = 120 ;當一個請求該設置的超時時間后,就會將對應的PHP調用堆棧信息完整寫入到慢日志中。設置為 "0" 表示 "Off" request_slowlog_timeout = 3s ;慢請求的記錄日志,配合request_slowlog_timeout使用 slowlog = /app/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.slow.log ;設置文件打開描述符的rlimit限制。默認值: 系統定義值默認可打開句柄是1024,可使用 ulimit -n查看,ulimit -n 2048修改。 rlimit_files = 65535
bash配置memcache/mongo/redis
#設置php環境變量 echo "export PATH=$PATH:/app/local/php/bin">>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile touch /app/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.slow.log #添加php-fpm服務 cp /app/local/php-5.5.27/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm service php-fpm start #設置開機自動啟動服務 vi /etc/rc.local ulimit -SHn 65535 service php-fpm start service nginx start service mysqld start
其它extension擴展都可以動態添加,沒事的
bash#memcache cd /app/local tar zxvf memcache-3.0.8.tgz cd memcache-3.0.8 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir make && make install #mongo cd /app/local tar zxvf mongo-1.6.10.tgz cd mongo-1.6.10 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config make && make install #redis cd /app/local tar zxvf redis-2.2.7.tgz cd redis-2.2.7 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config make && make install #php.ini vi /app/local/php/etc/php.ini [memcached] extension=memcached.so [mongodb] extension=mongo.so [redis] extension=redis.so #重啟生效 service php-fpm restart php -i | grep php.ini php -m自動化部署
服務器的上傳目錄可以自定義,安裝目錄默認統一修改為/app/{local,data},執行腳本為web.sh
bashfile://E:QQDownloadLTMP (2 folders, 5 files, 27.66 MB, 30.76 MB in total.) │ httpd-2.2.29.tar.gz 7.19 MB │ pcre-8.37.tar.gz 1.95 MB │ php-5.5.27.tar.gz 16.95 MB │ tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz 1.58 MB │ web.sh 4.10 KB ├─init (1 folders, 12 files, 91.42 KB, 92.23 KB in total.) │ │ allow.conf 35 bytes │ │ bashrc 2.99 KB │ │ deny.conf 35 bytes │ │ limits.conf 1.86 KB │ │ my.cnf 1.99 KB │ │ mysqld 8.39 KB │ │ nginx 2.22 KB │ │ nginx.conf 1.34 KB │ │ php-fpm 2.30 KB │ │ php-fpm.conf 416 bytes │ │ php.ini 67.83 KB │ │ sysctl.conf 2.03 KB │ └─vhosts (0 folders, 1 files, 826 bytes, 826 bytes in total.) │ localhost.conf 826 bytes └─src (0 folders, 6 files, 3.01 MB, 3.01 MB in total.) libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 1.27 MB mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 460.85 KB memcache-3.0.8.tgz 68.87 KB mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 909.61 KB mongo-1.6.10.tgz 204.19 KB redis-2.2.7.tgz 131.19 KB #web.sh #!/bin/bash ## alias ltmp_local=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd) mkdir -p /app/{local,data} unalias cp ltmp_init=$ltmp_local/init/ ltmp_src=$ltmp_local/src/ ## system #history cp ${ltmp_init}bashrc /etc/ #time rm -rf /etc/localtime ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime #maildrop sed "s/MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/g" /etc/crontab service crond restart #selinux setenforce 0 sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config #limits echo ulimit -SHn 65535 >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile cp ${ltmp_init}limits.conf /etc/security/ #tcp cp ${ltmp_init}sysctl.conf /etc/ #yum yum -y install yum-fastestmirror yum remove httpd mysql mysql-server php php-cli php-common php-devel php-gd -y yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ openssl* curl curl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel libaio autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel #download cd /app/local ##PCRE - Perl Compatible Regular Expressions #wget "ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.37.tar.gz" ##Tengine #wget "http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz" ##MySQL #wget "https://downloads.mariadb.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz" ##PHP #wget "http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.11.tar.gz" ##Mhash #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz" ##libmcrypt #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz" ##Mcrypt #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz" ## soft cd $ltmp_local #pcre tar zxvf pcre-8.37.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd pcre-8.37 ./configure make && make install cd ../ #tengine groupadd www useradd -g www www #安裝Tengine cd $ltmp_local tar zxvf tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd tengine-2.1.0 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/app/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=${ltmp_local}/pcre-8.37 make && make install cd ../ #nginx config cd $ltmp_local cp ${ltmp_init}nginx.conf /app/local/nginx/conf/ cp -r ${ltmp_init}vhosts /app/local/nginx/conf/ mkdir -p /app/data/localhost chmod +w /app/data/localhost echo "" > /app/data/localhost/phpinfo.php chown -R www:www /app/data/localhost echo "export PATH=$PATH:/app/local/nginx/sbin">>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile cp ${ltmp_init}nginx /etc/rc.d/init.d/ chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx ulimit -SHn 65535 service nginx start #libmcrypt cd $ltmp_src tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 ./configure make && make install cd ../ #mhash cd $ltmp_src tar -zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd mhash-0.9.9.9 ./configure make && make install cd ../ #mcrypt cd $ltmp_src tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd mcrypt-2.6.8 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib ./configure make && make install cd ../ #php cd $ltmp_local tar zxvf php-5.5.27.tar.gz 1> /dev/null cd php-5.5.27 ./configure --prefix=/app/local/php --with-config-file-path=/app/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-curl --with-openssl --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd make && make install #memcache cd $ltmp_src tar zxvf memcache-3.0.8.tgz 1> /dev/null cd memcache-3.0.8 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir make && make install #mongo cd $ltmp_src tar zxvf mongo-1.6.10.tgz 1> /dev/null cd mongo-1.6.10 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config make && make install #redis cd $ltmp_src #redis tar zxvf redis-2.2.7.tgz 1> /dev/null cd redis-2.2.7 /app/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/app/local/php/bin/php-config make && make install #php-fpm cp ${ltmp_init}php.ini /app/local/php/etc/ cp ${ltmp_init}php-fpm.conf /app/local/php/etc/ echo "export PATH=$PATH:/app/local/php/bin">>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile touch /app/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.slow.log cp ${ltmp_local}/php-5.5.27/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm service php-fpm start
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