（一）openstack的命令幫助：

（1）使用幫助命令：

①命令后面加help格式：

1、neutron help|grep router //類似這樣的格式幫助就能得到對應的功能

2、glance help image-update //類似這樣的幫助

[] 是可選命令

<> 是必須命令

②使用幫助命令：

1、nova help boot {boot是nova的一個子命令},一般情況下查子命令的幫助，就是nova help boot，然后就能得到他的語法結構

[root@controller ~(keystone_user1)]# nova help boot

usage: nova boot [--flavor ] [--image ]

[--image-with ] [--boot-volume ]

[--snapshot ] [--min-count ]

[--max-count ] [--meta ]

[--file ] [--key-name ]

[--user-data ]

[--availability-zone ]

[--security-groups ]

[--block-device-mapping ]

[--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]]

[--swap ]

[--ephemeral size=[,format=]]

[--hint ]

[--nic ]

[--config-drive ] [--poll]

2、nova boot --flavor web1 --image web1 --key-name key01 --security-groups sec01 --nic net-id=ef08363a-c9d7-4fc1-99f5-bc80c0043a29 web1 //啟動一個云主機

Boot a new server.

Positional arguments:

Name for the new server

Optional arguments:

--flavor Name or ID of flavor (see nova flavor-list).

--image Name or ID of image (see nova image-list).

--image-with Image metadata property (see nova image-

show).

--boot-volume Volume ID to boot from.

--snapshot Snapshot ID to boot from (will create a

volume).

--min-count Boot at least servers (limited by

quota).

--max-count Boot up to servers (limited by

quota).

--meta Record arbitrary key/value metadata to

/meta.js on the new server. Can be specified

multiple times.

--file Store arbitrary files from locally

to on the new server. You may store

up to 5 files.

--key-name Key name of keypair that should be created

earlier with the command keypair-add

--user-data user data file to pass to be exposed by the

metadata server.

--availability-zone

The availability zone for server placement.

--security-groups

Comma separated list of security group names.

--block-device-mapping

Block device mapping in the format

name>=:::

terminate>.

--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]

Block device mapping with the keys: id=UUID

(image_id, snapshot_id or volume_id only if

using source image, snapshot or volume)

source=source type (image, snapshot, volume or

blank), dest=destination type of the block

device (volume or local), bus=devices bus

(e.g. uml, lxc, virtio, ...; if omitted,

hypervisor driver chooses a suitable default,

honoured only if device type is supplied)

type=device type (e.g. disk, cdrom, ...;

defaults to disk) device=name of the device

(e.g. vda, xda, ...; if omitted, hypervisor

driver chooses suitable device depending on

selected bus), size=size of the block device

in GB (if omitted, hypervisor driver

calculates size), format=device will be

formatted (e.g. swap, ntfs, ...; optional),

bootindex=integer used for ordering the boot

disks (for image backed instances it is equal

to 0, for others need to be specified) and

shutdown=shutdown behaviour (either preserve

or remove, for local destination set to

remove).

--swap Create and attach a local swap block device of

MB.

--ephemeral size=[,format=]

Create and attach a local ephemeral block

device of GB and format it to .

--hint Send arbitrary key/value pairs to the

scheduler for custom use.

--nic

Create a NIC on the server. Specify option

multiple times to create multiple NICs. net-

id: attach NIC to network with this UUID

(either port-id or net-id must be provided),

v4-fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for NIC

(optional), v6-fixed-ip: IPv6 fixed address

for NIC (optional), port-id: attach NIC to

port with this UUID (either port-id or net-id

must be provided).

--config-drive Enable config drive

--poll Report the new server boot progress until it

completes.

（2）幫助命令實例：

①cinder help create

usage: cinder create [--snapshot-id ]

[--source-volid ] [--image-id ]

[--display-name ]

[--display-description ]

[--volume-type ]

[--availability-zone ]

[--metadata [ [ ...]]]

Creates a volume.

Positional arguments:

Volume size, in GBs.

Optional arguments:

--snapshot-id

Creates volume from snapshot ID. Default=None.

--source-volid

Creates volume from volume ID. Default=None.

--image-id

Creates volume from image ID. Default=None.

--display-name

Volume name. Default=None.

--display-description

Volume description. Default=None.

--volume-type

Volume type. Default=None.

--availability-zone

Availability zone for volume. Default=None.

--metadata [ [ ...]]

Metadata key and value pairs. Default=None.

1、 cinder create size 1 // 尖括號是必選項，中括號是可選項，所以執行這個就可以

②假設要創建一個子網：｛就是在要使用的命令前面加help｝

neutron help subnet-create

usage: neutron subnet-create [-h] [-f {shell,table,value}] [-c COLUMN]

[--max-width ] [--prefix PREFIX]

[--request-format {json,xml}]

[--tenant-id TENANT_ID] [--name NAME]

[--gateway GATEWAY_IP] [--no-gateway]

[--allocation-pool start=IP_ADDR,end=IP_ADDR]

[--host-route destination=CIDR,nexthop=IP_ADDR]

[--dns-nameserver DNS_NAMESERVER]

[--disable-dhcp] [--enable-dhcp]

[--ipv6-ra-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}]

[--ipv6-address-mode {dhcpv6-stateful,dhcpv6-stateless,slaac}]

[--ip-version {4,6}]

NETWORK CIDR

Create a subnet for a given tenant.

positional arguments:

NETWORK Network ID or name this subnet belongs to.

CIDR CIDR of subnet to create.

optional arguments:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

--request-format {json,xml}

The XML or JSON request format.

--tenant-id TENANT_ID

The owner tenant ID.

--name NAME Name of this subnet.

--gateway GATEWAY_IP Gateway IP of this subnet.

--no-gateway No distribution of gateway.

--allocation-pool start=IP_ADDR,end=IP_ADDR

Allocation pool IP addresses for this subnet (This

option can be repeated).

--host-route destination=CIDR,nexthop=IP_ADDR

Additional route (This option can be repeated).

--dns-nameserver DNS_NAMESERVER

DNS name server for this subnet (This option can be

repeated).

--disable-dhcp Disable DHCP for this subnet.

--enable-dhcp Enab