摘要:原文鏈接總覽本文為大家提供一種使用更新倉庫的方法。通常我們會使用客戶端然后到,但為我們提供了相關,在某些情況下可以直接通過更新倉庫。使用更新倉庫只需六步。獲取用于獲取當前的的。更新使的指針指到你最新提交的版本。
原文鏈接:https://ssshooter.com/2019-01...
0. 總覽本文為大家提供一種使用?GitHub?API?更新 GitHub 倉庫的方法。通常我們會使用 Git 客戶端 Commit 然后 Push 到 GitHub,但 GitHub 為我們提供了相關 API,在某些情況下可以直接通過 API 更新倉庫。
在此之前有一些前置知識點,你需要了解 git 的儲存原理。碰巧最近掘金有一篇很火的文章有提到相關知識。
使用 GitHub API 更新倉庫只需六步。雖然對于第一次接觸的新手來說可能會有點復雜,但是理清關系之后思路便會很清晰了。
獲取 Ref:Ref 指?Git 的引用。如果要發起 Commit,必須知道你的 Commit 要提交到什么地方去(Commit 是一個接一個的鏈狀關系,所以需要知道上一個 Commit 的信息),這一步做的就是這件事。
獲取 Commit:用于獲取當前 Commit 的 tree 的 sha。
生成 Blob:相當于正常本地提交的 add?操作,可以參考這里的解釋。
生成 Tree:構建一個新的 tree,把上一步生成的 Blob 放到合適的位置。這里需要用到的參數 base_tree?就是來自第二步的 Commit 信息。
生成 Commit:提交你的 tree,這步跟正常 commit 很接近,不過要你手動找到此次提交的上一次提交,借哈希值把新的 Commit 接起來。
更新 Ref:使 master 的指針指到你最新提交的版本。
注意:訪問?POST 方法的接口必須帶 token,雖然 GET 可以不帶,但是會限制訪問頻率,所以建議都帶上。相關文檔:https://developer.github.com/v3/#authentication
1. 獲取 Ref? 1.1 文檔地址https://developer.github.com/v3/git/refs/#get-a-reference
1.2 請求地址GET https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/refs/heads/master
1.3 返回數據{ "ref": "refs/heads/master", "node_id": "MDM6UmVmMTY0Nzk4NDczOm1hc3Rlcg==", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/refs/heads/master", "object": { "sha": "cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "type": "commit", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0" } }2. 獲取 Commit 2.1 文檔地址
https://developer.github.com/v3/git/commits/#get-a-commit
2.2 請求地址GET https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0
2.3 返回數據{ "sha": "cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "node_id": "MDY6Q29tbWl0MTY0Nzk4NDczOmNkYTY2ZGU5NDMwODIwMzNmNGI3NjE2MzlkZjc3NzI4ZDdiY2E0ZjA=", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "html_url": "https://github.com/ssshooter/test/commit/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "author": { "name": "DeJavuJo", "email": "ssshooterx@gmail.com", "date": "2019-01-09T06:02:07Z" }, "committer": { "name": "GitHub", "email": "noreply@github.com", "date": "2019-01-09T06:02:07Z" }, "tree": { "sha": "d7a57d28ace0db12773c7d70675f94a48da6421f", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/trees/d7a57d28ace0db12773c7d70675f94a48da6421f" }, "message": "Create readme.md", "parents": [ ], "verification": { "verified": true, "reason": "valid", "signature": "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- wsBcBAABCAAQBQJcNY5fCRBK7hj4Ov3rIwAAdHIIABh8I89hATqg1mSYtpx1aY Jt/woDobMO7FGE5qXO0NNrCMqwF6mdPJOMMMZvVWF1ULTm8ZJ52GAh5xAnPMZEnQ 8tTjj/Qc0eZCm5B1xO66rgx+7eKkeGUPJj5bX7Lf0i9Se70Ff0jaCdH94RgiSL2d clDLhNyM4u6AH//k7S3Ud1O6ezXd4+99381Xa331PDLhJttUAbRFRCThszbcxRUT PvyhPNvXB5ug4J+tAMaZJvZEaED0c1k2Yx1+TYkLvPjOlqXvqaDVpMZieluD5l+f u13NAoCnLfBe0Skak/8MxRDbMcJYNW78ll60HAa6jJtElD8Vkek8WoVAZ8p3iIE= =xI87 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- ", "payload": "tree d7a57d28ace0db12773c7d70675f94a48da6421f author DeJavuJo 1547013727 +0800 committer GitHub 1547013727 +0800 Create readme.md" } }3. 生成 Blob 3.1 文檔地址
https://developer.github.com/v3/git/blobs/#create-a-blob
3.2 請求地址POST https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/blobs
3.3 請求參數{ "content": "Content of the blob", "encoding": "utf-8" }3.4 返回數據
{ "sha": "929246f65aab4d636cb229c790f966afc332c124", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/blobs/929246f65aab4d636cb229c790f966afc332c124" }4. 生成 tree 4.1 文檔地址
https://developer.github.com/v3/git/trees/#create-a-tree
4.2 請求地址POST https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/trees
4.3 請求參數注意:tree.path 可以寫深層目錄,如?deep/deep/newFile.md(前面不用寫斜杠)
{ "base_tree": "d7a57d28ace0db12773c7d70675f94a48da6421f", // commit tree 的 sha "tree": [ { "path": "apiCommitFile.md", // 文件路徑 "mode": "100644", // 類型,詳情看文檔 "type": "blob", "sha": "929246f65aab4d636cb229c790f966afc332c124" // 剛才生成的 blob 的 sha } ] }4.4 返回數據
{ "sha": "2b3a65095ceb7cf4425f52d59ca5974d826cff80", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/trees/2b3a65095ceb7cf4425f52d59ca5974d826cff80", "tree": [ { "path": "readme.md", "mode": "100644", "type": "blob", "sha": "b1b716105590454bfc4c0247f193a04088f39c7f", "size": 5, "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/blobs/b1b716105590454bfc4c0247f193a04088f39c7f" }, { "path": "tree", "mode": "040000", "type": "tree", "sha": "91d8d59147e395effaeacd01c9d8553b37cf77c5", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/trees/91d8d59147e395effaeacd01c9d8553b37cf77c5" } ], "truncated": false }5. 生成 Commit 5.1 文檔地址
https://developer.github.com/v3/git/commits/#create-a-commit
5.2 請求地址POST https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits
5.3 請求參數{ "message": "a Commit with GitHub api", "parents": [ "cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0" // 上次 commit 的sha ], "tree": "2b3a65095ceb7cf4425f52d59ca5974d826cff80" }5.4 返回數據
{ "sha": "45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef", "node_id": "MDY6Q29tbWl0MTY0Nzk4NDczOjQ1YzU4YTkzNThiNjdmYzgxZTQwMzRjYjM2YzUxOTZkNzkxNjg2ZWY=", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef", "html_url": "https://github.com/ssshooter/test/commit/45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef", "author": { "name": "ssshooter", "email": "ssshooterx@gmail.com", "date": "2019-01-09T10:24:10Z" }, "committer": { "name": "ssshooter", "email": "ssshooterx@gmail.com", "date": "2019-01-09T10:24:10Z" }, "tree": { "sha": "2b3a65095ceb7cf4425f52d59ca5974d826cff80", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/trees/2b3a65095ceb7cf4425f52d59ca5974d826cff80" }, "message": "a Commit with GitHub api", "parents": [ { "sha": "cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0", "html_url": "https://github.com/ssshooter/test/commit/cda66de943082033f4b761639df77728d7bca4f0" } ], "verification": { "verified": false, "reason": "unsigned", "signature": null, "payload": null } }6. 更新 Ref 6.1 文檔地址
https://developer.github.com/v3/git/refs/#update-a-reference
6.2 請求地址https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/refs/heads/master
6.3 請求參數{ "sha":"45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef", "force":true }6.4 返回數據
{ "ref": "refs/heads/master", "node_id": "MDM6UmVmMTY0Nzk4NDczOm1hc3Rlcg==", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/refs/heads/master", "object": { "sha": "45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef", "type": "commit", "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/ssshooter/test/git/commits/45c58a9358b67fc81e4034cb36c5196d791686ef" } }7. node.js 實踐代碼
var updateGitHubRes = function(blob, path) { var commitSha var commitTreeSha return getRef() .then(({ data }) => { commitSha = data.object.sha return getCommit(commitSha) }) .then(({ data }) => { commitTreeSha = data.tree.sha return createBlob(blob) }) .then(({ data }) => { var blobSha = data.sha return createTree(commitTreeSha, path, blobSha) }) .then(({ data }) => { var treeSha = data.sha return createCommit(commitSha, treeSha) }) .then(({ data }) => { var newCommitSha = data.sha return updataRef(newCommitSha) }) .catch(err => { console.log(err) }) } var getRef = function() { return axios.get(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/refs/heads/master`) } var getCommit = function(commitSha) { return axios.get(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/commits/${commitSha}`) } var createBlob = function(content) { return axios.post(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/blobs`, { content, encoding: "utf-8" }) } var createTree = function(base_tree, path, sha) { return axios.post(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/trees`, { base_tree, // commit tree 的 sha tree: [ { path, // 文件路徑 mode: "100644", // 類型,詳情看文檔 type: "blob", sha // 剛才生成的 blob 的 sha } ] }) } var createCommit = function(parentCommitSha, tree, message = "update post") { return axios.post(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/commits`, { message, parents: [parentCommitSha],// 上次 commit 的sha tree }) } var updataRef = function(newCommitSha) { return axios.post(`/${owner}/${repo}/git/refs/heads/master`, { sha: newCommitSha, force: true }) }參考文獻
https://int128.hatenablog.com/entry/2017/09/05/161641
https://juejin.im/post/5c33f49de51d45523070f7bb
https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/Git-內部原理-Git-引用
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